Restorative Justice as Social Justice for Victims of Gendered Violence: A Standpoint Feminist Perspective

Wormer, Katherine van

doi:10.1093/sw/54.2.107

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…They too appeared somewhat ambivalent regarding apologies, forgiveness, reconciliation and punishment and spoke of accountability outside of conventional frameworks. Later studies (see McGlynn et al 2012;van Wormer 2009) have reinforced these findings. Herman (2005) concluded that restorative justice would fail for the same reasons that conventional systems fail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Their activism pursued different objectives, and so it is only more recently that victim advocates have begun to make alliances with restorative justice. However, many advocates have remained sceptical of the motivations of restorative justice and its claims on behalf of victims (Strang 2002;van Wormer 2009). Perhaps the most constant critique of restorative justice has been that of feminist writers.…”

Section: The Development Of Restorative Justicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have turned to a pathway of justice utilising group conferencing, such as face to face, through advocates, or over telephone, that brings together victim and offender for the purposes of addressing harm and making amends. While supporters would argue that restorative justice could offer a viable alternative to conventional criminal justice systems, the literature is generally not supportive, citing the power imbalance between victim and abuser (McElrea 2004;Parker 2004;van Wormer 2009). Sexual violence typically occurs within a context of abuse of power and is frequently reflective of entrenched societal attitudes and beliefs (van Wormer 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual Violence and Substantive Equality: Can Restorative Justice Deliver?

Jülich

Thorburn

2017

J. Hum. Rights Soc. Work

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The effects of sexual crimes upon victims and the wider community are pervasive and far-reaching, yet conventional attempts to address offending and seek justice for victims have not succeeded; rather, they have left victims without a sense of justice and often magnified the adverse impacts of the initial victimization. The applicability and appropriateness of restorative justice to such gendered categories of crime has been long debated, but emerging evidence suggests that it may offer victims greater satisfaction by way of recognition of the need for substantive over procedural equality, and consequent privileging of victims' needs and experiences. This focus on substantive equality and its implications for justice also aligns with international covenants, which recognize the inadequacy of formal equality and traditional approaches to justice when addressing crimes where perpetration is dependent on the manifestation of power and control. The article therefore sets out the case for restorative justice in accordance with these imperatives for substantive equality, and discusses the challenges inherent in providing safe restorative practices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: The Development Of Restorative Justicementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sexual Violence and Substantive Equality: Can Restorative Justice Deliver?

Jülich

Thorburn

2017

J. Hum. Rights Soc. Work

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“…Before its application to sexual assault, RJ programs focused on societies where members accepted civic responsibilities [1,2], groups that embraced spirituality [3][4][5] and traditional communities whose problems were resolved by culturally-grounded interactions [6,7]. When RJ initially was proposed for violence against women, feminists had already been seeking an effective form of "alternative justice" [8,9] that would fit communitarian concerns across multiple sectors and provide more attention to sexual assault victims [10]. An alternative model was needed that would eliminate potential retraumatization of the victim [5, pp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, "talking circles" developed into a multi-faceted model for issues other than sexual assault [9,21]. Family conferencing began as a police-facilitated meeting with the offender and family without the victim in attendance; close kin of each later were included as essential to mediation [9,22,23].…”

Section: Introduction To Restorative Justicementioning

confidence: 99%

Restorative Justice and Sexual Assault: Outcome Appraisal Through Textual Analysis

Bletzer

Koss

2013

TOARSJ

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Abstract:Restorative Justice is a community alternative to criminal justice. Its principles and practices are grounded in harm reduction, consensually-determined reparation, and in many applications, a facilitated conference between an offender and respective victim, and family members and/or community persons impacted by the crime. Projects based on Restorative Justice are rare for sex offenders. In this article, we review one such program funded as a demonstration project. Based on the rubric that we adapted from a template developed by Stephen Webster, we assessed the veracity of apology letters written by adult sex offenders, who earned the right to apologize to their victim, following participation in a 12-month program based on principles and practices of Restorative Justice. Content of the apology letters demonstrated anticipated changes in classic features of sexual assault as a harm-causing, ego-centered, trauma-producing, controlseeking, relationship-imposing act. Despite individualized formulation by each responsible person, the letters from misdemeanor and felony cases were similar in acknowledgment of harm and in the articulation of gratitude, but varied in responsibility acceptance and trauma discontinuation.

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Association Between Forced Sexual Initiation and Health Outcomes Among US Women

et al. 2019

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IMPORTANCE The #MeToo movement has highlighted how frequently women experience sexual violence. However, to date, no recent studies have assessed the prevalence of forced sex during girls' and women's first sexual encounter or its health consequences. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of forced sexual initiation among US women and its association with subsequent reproductive, gynecologic, and general health outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional analysis of the 2011-2017 National Survey of Family Growth was conducted, including a population-based sample of 13 310 US women. The study was conducted from September 2011 to September 2017. EXPOSURES Self-reported forced vs voluntary first sexual intercourse. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence of forced sexual initiation, age of woman and partner/assailant at first sexual encounter, and odds ratios (ORs) (adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics) for having an unwanted first pregnancy or abortion, development of painful pelvic conditions, and other reproductive and general health measures. RESULTS A total of 13 310 women between the ages of 18 and 44 years were included in the study. After survey weights were applied, 6.5% (95% CI, 5.9%-7.1%) of respondents reported experiencing forced sexual initiation, equivalent to 3 351 733 women in this age group nationwide. Age at forced sexual initiation averaged 15.6 (95% CI, 15.3-16.0) years vs 17.4 (95% CI, 17.3-17.5) years for voluntary sexual initiation (P < .001). The mean age of the partner/assailant at first sexual encounter was 6 years older for women with forced vs voluntary sexual initiation (27.0; 95% CI, 24.8-29.2 years vs 21.0; 95% CI, 20.6-21.3 years). Compared with women with voluntary sexual initiation, women with forced sexual initiation were more likely to experience an unwanted first pregnancy (30.1% vs 18.9%; adjusted OR [aOR], 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5-2.4) or an abortion (24.1% vs 17.3%; aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-2.0), endometriosis (10.4% vs 6.5%; aOR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3), pelvic inflammatory disease (8.1% vs 3.4%; aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5-3.4), and problems with ovulation or menstruation (27.0% vs 17.1%; aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.3). Survivors of forced sexual initiation more frequently reported illicit drug use (2.6% vs 0.7%; aOR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.8-7.0), fair or poor health (15.5% vs 7.5%; aOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.5-2.7), and difficulty completing tasks owing to a physical or mental health condition (9.0% vs 3.2%; aOR, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.0-3.9). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Forced sexual initiation in women appears to be common and associated with multiple adverse reproductive and general health outcomes. These findings highlight the possible need for public health measures and sociocultural changes to prevent sexual violence, particularly forced sexual initiation.

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Restorative Justice as Social Justice for Victims of Gendered Violence: A Standpoint Feminist Perspective

Cited by 65 publications

References 22 publications

Sexual Violence and Substantive Equality: Can Restorative Justice Deliver?

Sexual Violence and Substantive Equality: Can Restorative Justice Deliver?

Restorative Justice and Sexual Assault: Outcome Appraisal Through Textual Analysis

Association Between Forced Sexual Initiation and Health Outcomes Among US Women

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