Restoration Results for a Maryland Shale Barren after Pignut Hickory Management and a Prescribed Burn

Tyndall, R. Wayne

doi:10.2179/14-038

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Current shale barren restoration and management strategies of selective tree removal and prescribed fire may theoretically restore available habitat for T. virginicum (see Tyndall, ). Although there are no data on T. virginicum dispersal distances, Matter, Kettle, Ghazoul, Hahn, and Pluess () found that most dispersal events for the congener T. montanum in calcareous grassland fragments were <1 m and the maximum distance was 324 m. Thus, there is a high probability that T. virginicum seeds are dispersed near the maternal plant or into adjacent nonhabitat forest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the broad distribution of small, isolated barrens within the extensive forested matrix and lack of adaptation for long‐distance seed dispersal, they likely represent relicts of a once more continuous distribution. If they are relicts, the extant patches have highly reduced population sizes and habitat areas that are far more isolated than they were prior to the last 100–160 years (Tyndall, ). This isolation of T. virginicum populations creates high risk of increased inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity, and loss of compatible mating types (S‐alleles) via drift.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with many early successional habitats in eastern North America, shale barrens depend on periodic disturbance, such as wildfire, to retard succession to closed forest (Copeheaver, Fuhrman, Gellerstedt, & Gellerstedt, 2004;Foster et al, 2003;Norris & Sullivan, 2002;Tyndall, 2015). Lacking such disturbance, shale barren habitats have become restricted to small patches in which particularly harsh environmental conditions slow succession to woodland (Keener, 1983;Platt, 1951).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits of gene flow are mediated by individual variability in self‐compatibility in small isolated populations of an endemic plant species

Frye

Neel

2016

Evolutionary Applications

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Many rare and endemic species experience increased rates of self‐fertilization and mating among close relatives as a consequence of existing in small populations within isolated habitat patches. Variability in self‐compatibility among individuals within populations may reflect adaptation to local demography and genetic architecture, inbreeding, or drift. We use experimental hand‐pollinations under natural field conditions to assess the effects of gene flow in 21 populations of the central Appalachian endemic Trifolium virginicum that varied in population size and degree of isolation. We quantified the effects of distance from pollen source on pollination success and fruit set. Rates of self‐compatibility varied dramatically among maternal plants, ranging from 0% to 100%. This variation was unrelated to population size or degree of isolation. Nearly continuous variation in the success of selfing and near‐cross‐matings via hand pollination suggests that T. virginicum expresses pseudo‐self‐fertility, whereby plants carrying the same S‐allele mate successfully by altering the self‐incompatibility reaction. However, outcrossing among populations produced significantly higher fruit set than within populations, an indication of drift load. These results are consistent with strong selection acting to break down self‐incompatibility in these small populations and/or early‐acting inbreeding depression expressed upon selfing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits of gene flow are mediated by individual variability in self‐compatibility in small isolated populations of an endemic plant species

Frye

Neel

2016

Evolutionary Applications

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“…In addition, P. dubia var. dubia also inhabits some mid-Appalachian shale barrens, this in the absence of evident differentiation (Henry 1954, Tyndall 2015, so it may be considered to have some level of preadaptation to that community. However, while several western American Phacelia taxa are serpentine endemics (Safford and Miller 2020), none of the forms of P. dubia (or taxa from the aforementioned genera) are endemic to the sparsely distributed eastern serpentine sites and none showed any level of tolerance to serpentine-derived soils (Taylor and Levy 2002).…”

Section: Distribution Piedmont Of Central and Northernmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new variety of Phacelia dubia (Hydrophyllaceae) and a summary of variation and biogeography of the P. dubia complex 1

Levy

Hou

Taylor-Bennetts³

2021

The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society

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“…Shale barren habitats are relatively self‐sustaining due to the apparent and consistent stress regimes associated with their unique geological and topographical profiles (Braunschweig et al, 1999 ). Changes in land use, fire suppression, invasion of exotic species, and forest succession on habitat edges have contributed to shale barren habitat loss and degradation (Tyndall, 2015 ), which can subsequently alter habitat suitability for resident species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat characteristics and climatic factors influence microhabitat selection and arthropod community structure in a globally rare central Appalachian shale barren

Landsman

Thiel

2021

Ecology and Evolution

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The central Appalachian shale barrens, a globally unique habitat type restricted to the eastern United States, presents an insular and physiologically stressful environment with sparse vegetation and extreme ground surface and air temperatures. Despite the high levels of plant species endemism within these systems, information on invertebrate communities and habitat preferences is extremely limited. Through this study, we aimed to better understand a shale barren arthropod community, microhabitat selection, and the influence of habitat characteristics and climatic factors. We employed pitfall traps to sample epigeic arthropods during the 2016 growing season in a shale barren habitat. Arthropod community composition was driven by overstory trees, mediated through accumulated leaf litter and availability of shaded microhabitats. Ambient air temperature also influenced the surface activity of various taxa with spiders decreasing at higher temperatures and ants, crickets, flies, and harvestmen all increasing in relative abundance. Habitat integrity of the central Appalachian shale barrens is threatened by forest succession and mesophication, encroaching invasive plant species, and rising ambient air temperatures, all of which can alter the extent of overstory vegetation and availability of shaded microhabitats. These biotic and physical pressures will subsequently affect epigeic arthropod community composition, depending on adaptive capacity of individual taxa. To the authors’ knowledge, these findings constitute only the second published work on arthropod communities and the first to focus on epigeic taxa in this globally rare habitat type. Continued conservation of these unique, insular habitats and their adapted inhabitants requires a multifaceted approach that considers current and future conditions.

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Restoration Results for a Maryland Shale Barren after Pignut Hickory Management and a Prescribed Burn

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Benefits of gene flow are mediated by individual variability in self‐compatibility in small isolated populations of an endemic plant species

Benefits of gene flow are mediated by individual variability in self‐compatibility in small isolated populations of an endemic plant species

A new variety of Phacelia dubia (Hydrophyllaceae) and a summary of variation and biogeography of the P. dubia complex 1

Habitat characteristics and climatic factors influence microhabitat selection and arthropod community structure in a globally rare central Appalachian shale barren

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