Restoration pathways for rain forest in southwest Sri Lanka: a review of concepts and models

Ashton, Mark S.; Gunatilleke, C.V.S.; Singhakumara, B.M.P.; Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00512-6

Cited by 188 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Uplands areas (> 750 m elevation) present a small fraction (7%) of the total land area in peninsular Malaysia, representing an archipelago of the habitat. These upland habitats are arguably more fragile than lowland forests (Ashton et al 2001;Bruijnzeel 2004) and represent some of the largest contiguous intact habitats remaining in Malaysia. Shorea platyclados is an upland species of the family Dipterocarpaceae, limited to forests above 700-meter elevation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microsatellite DNA markers in Shorea platyclados (Dipterocarpaceae): genetic diversity, size homoplasy and mother trees

Javed

Cannon

Wickneswari³

2014

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Cross-specific amplification of microsatellite loci greatly enhances the effectiveness of this marker system. This shortcut would greatly enhance our examination of the gene flow and population structure of trees in diverse tropical rainforests. To explore the effectiveness and limitations of this approach, we examined allelic diversity at six microsatellite loci, originally developed in a congeneric species, in three populations of Shorea platyclados from Peninsular Malaysia. Fragment sizing was performed by an efficient and sensitive (1 bp resolution) technique using capillary electrophoresis, ethidium bromide detection, and minimal clean-up. Fragment size ranges were conserved between species and null allele frequencies were low. Higher overall levels of genetic diversity were detected in our study. Variation among populations was directly related to geographic distance. Fragment size class distributions suggest that each locus should be studied using different evolutionary models. Direct sequencing of SSR fragments revealed that size differences were due to changes in both the flanking regions and repeat motifs. Several clear examples of size homoplasy were observed, along with the disruption of perfect repeats, suggesting that cross-specific amplification of microsatellite loci requires an additional level of confirmation at the DNA sequence level before the influence of size homoplasy and changes in repeat structure can be assessed. Simulation studies demonstrate that the increasing intensity of timber harvest leads to higher variability in levels of potential heterozygosity and decreasing total number of alleles in the remnant "mother trees" The careful selection of "mother" trees can greatly enhance the future genetic diversity of populations.

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confidence: 99%

Microsatellite DNA markers in Shorea platyclados (Dipterocarpaceae): genetic diversity, size homoplasy and mother trees

Javed

Cannon

Wickneswari³

2014

J. For. Sci.

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“…forest clearance for groundstory cardamom cultivation) and top-down effects (i.e. selective logging) (Ashton et al, 2001). Villages in proximity to the Sinharaja forest may demand forestlands for crop cultivation, resource extraction, forest clearance and cultivation (Surasinghe, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting land-cover change using mappable vegetation related indices: A case study from Sinharaja Man and the Biosphere Reserve

Madurapperuma

Kuruppuarachchi

2014

JTFE

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Understanding the effects of human disturbances at the forest fringe is useful in efforts to implement best management practices aimed at conserving forest resources. This study evaluates multi-year changes of vegetation in the Sinharaja Man and the Biosphere (MAB) reserve using mappable vegetation related indices viz., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Burn Index (BI). Land-cover changes in the Sinharaja MAB reserve were detected using According to the land-cover map, burn area occurred at the cultivated lands, scrublands, and fragmented forest fringe. The results were visualized using an embedded 3D render window of Google Earth and a 2D view of ArcGIS explorer online. In conclusion, insitu ground truthing data is needed for the fire-influenced area for implementing sustainable forest resource management at the Sinharaja MAB reserve.

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“…As in other areas in the tropics where perennial crops have been integrated with forest trees (Bhagwat et al, 2008;Parthasarathy, 1999;Pascarella et al, 2000;Rivera et al, 2000;Rivera & Aide, 1998), in parts of Asia many forests have been cultivated with the high-value spice crop cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) (Buckingham, 2004;Kumar et al, 1995;Reyes et al, 2006). Despite its socioeconomic benefits, the system of cardamom cultivation in tropical Asian forests has been criticised for being incompatible with conservation of forest resources (Ashton et al, 2001;Dhakal et al, 2012;Gunawardane, 2003). Cardamom cultivation and management involves the selective removal of canopy trees and regular maintenance by removal of competing plants in the forest understorey (Anon, 2002;Bandaratillake, 2005;Buckhingham, 2004;Kumar et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardamom cultivation and management involves the selective removal of canopy trees and regular maintenance by removal of competing plants in the forest understorey (Anon, 2002;Bandaratillake, 2005;Buckhingham, 2004;Kumar et al, 1995). This system of cultivation may hinder the capacity of forests to regenerate and undermine their conservation value (Ashton et al, 2001). Therefore, research on restoration techniques for high conservation value forests affected by repeated cardamom cultivation should be a high priority to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services they support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Cardamom Cultivation on the Composition and Dynamics of Soil Seed Banks in a Conservation Forest in Sri Lanka: Implications for Conservation

Dhakal¹

2017

OJF

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Cultivation of cash crops, such as cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) in the forest understorey is a common practice in many tropical forests. Over time, cultivation may change forest structure and species composition, leading to gradual degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Effective conservation of these forests requires an enhanced understanding of the demographic processes such as soil seed bank that may greatly influence future forest composition. We examined how the soil seed bank structure and composition responds to cardamom cultivation in a high conservation value Sri Lankan montane rain forest. Soil samples from natural forest with abandoned cardamom plantations (CP) and adjacent natural forest (NF) patches without cardamom were collected in dry and wet seasons. Soil samples were spread out in trays in a shade house and germination was recorded weekly for 19 weeks. The density of seeds in the soil seed bank was much higher in CP than NF. While grasses and forbs contributed the highest number and percentage of seeds in soils of both forest types, their densities in the soil seed bank were 9 and 2 times greater in the CP than the NF, respectively. Seeds of the nonnative herbs Ageratina riparia and E. cardamomum were 4 and 20 times greater in the soil of CP, respectively. Seeds of light demanding tree species such as

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Restoration pathways for rain forest in southwest Sri Lanka: a review of concepts and models

Cited by 188 publications

References 30 publications

Microsatellite DNA markers in Shorea platyclados (Dipterocarpaceae): genetic diversity, size homoplasy and mother trees

Microsatellite DNA markers in Shorea platyclados (Dipterocarpaceae): genetic diversity, size homoplasy and mother trees

Detecting land-cover change using mappable vegetation related indices: A case study from Sinharaja Man and the Biosphere Reserve

Impact of Cardamom Cultivation on the Composition and Dynamics of Soil Seed Banks in a Conservation Forest in Sri Lanka: Implications for Conservation

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