Restoration of Atrophic Edentulous Maxilla of a Patient with Ectodermal Dysplasia Using Quadruple Zygomatic Implants: A Case Report

Abstract

Rehabilitation of patients with ectodermal dysplasia often presents clinical challenge due to hypodontia, anodontia, and severe atrophy of edentulous ridges. Zygomatic implant therapy can be used as a method of achieving osseointegration without bone grafting in such situations. This clinical report describes the dental rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla of a 26-year old female patient with a fixed prosthesis, immediately loaded on four zygomatic implants.

Anatomical analysis of zygomatic bone in ectodermal dysplasia patients with oligodontia

“…Obvious disadvantages of extensive bone grafting exist, such as donor site morbidity, unpredictable resorption of grafting, staged placement of implant, and prolonged therapy . Zygomatic implant (ZI) was a suitable approach to save treatment time and avoid grafting of the severely atrophic maxilla, with a long‐term survival rate from 95.1% to 100% in ED patients . The bone volume of the zygoma is the key for the placement of the ZI.…”

“…[7][8][9] Zygomatic implant (ZI) was a suitable approach to save treatment time and avoid grafting of the severely atrophic maxilla, with a long-term survival rate from 95.1% to 100% in ED patients. [10][11][12][13][14][15] The bone volume of the zygoma is the key for the placement of the ZI. However, there is no information regarding the evaluation of the characteristics of the zygoma in ED patients.…”

“…Longitudinal tomography showed the measurements of the zygomatic thickness (green line) and length (red line)4 | DISCUSIONFacial bones, such as the maxilla, mandible, alveolar bone, and nasal bone, derived from the ectomesenchyme present abnormalities in ED patients. Additionally, double or quadruple ZIs were used to restore oral function with the advantage of a reduced total treatment time and to avoid complex bone grafting for ED patients with a congenital, edentulous, and severely atrophic maxilla [10][11][12][13][14]. However, it is unclear whether the development of the zygomatic bone and the placement of ZIs are affected in those patients.…”

Complications of Implant Rehabilitation in Ectodermal Dysplasia Patients: A Review Study

“…Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a congenital disorder defined as an abnormality in at least two tissues originated from the ectodermal layer. (1,2) Over 150 ED subtypes have been identified up to the present. (3) The two main types of ED are Hidrotic ED (Clouston Syndrome) and Hypohidrotic ED (HED; Christ-Siemens Touraine Syndrome).…”

“…(3,9,11,12) The lack of teeth eruption occurs mostly in the lower jaw; it results in inadequate bone volume and knife-edge alveolar ridges, leading to decreased facial height and the subsequent senile appearance. (1,5,12,13) Thus, these patients have major problems with mastication and utterances. Moreover, their facial appearance can affect their physiological and psychological aspects of life.…”