Restoration ecology of aquatic and terrestrial vegetation on non-calcareous sandy soils in The Netherlands*

Roelofs, J.G.M.; Bobbink, Roland; Brouwer, Emiel; Graaf, M.C.C. de

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00808.x

Cited by 73 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…There was no correlation between ammonium concentration and soil pH. The increased ammonium concentration in the Al-treated plots could have been caused by the strongly reduced N uptake in the Al plots, so that the mineralized N accumulated as in the soil (Roelofs et al 1996). We conclude that the acidification accompanying ammonium deposition has the potential to reduce plant species richness because the accompanying acidifying effect results in increased concentrations of Al 3+ ions in the soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Effects of nutrient addition and acidification on plant species diversity and seed germination in heathland

Roem

Klees

Berendse

2002

Journal of Applied Ecology

142

112

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Summary1. The atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen compounds in the Netherlands has been responsible for decreasing plant species diversity in heathland. To unravel the relative importance of nitrogen compounds on soil acidification and eutrophication, and hence on the vegetation, we carried out a factorial addition experiment and a germination experiment in heathland on nutrient-poor sandy soil. 2. We changed nutrient availability and acidity independently in eight different treatments that, respectively, added nutrients or carbon in various combinations (N, P, glucose) or added acidifying or neutralizing compounds. One treatment also involved adding Al. Additions occurred five times per year during 5 years, in an area from which sods had been removed before the experiment began. The same design was used for the germination experiment, but the treatments were applied for 2 years. 3. Our results showed that acidification was the most important factor in reducing species diversity. In addition, the germination of several heathland species was significantly reduced in plots with a pH below 5, and germination was very poor in plots where Al had been added. 4. The number of plant species declined particularly with increasing Al in the upper soil horizons. We conclude that this relationship is responsible for the influence of acidification on plant species richness in heathland. 5. The influence of nutrient availability on species composition in heathland was subsidiary to acidity, but nutrient availability influenced species composition in an independent way. The growth of the three dominant species ( Molinia caerulea , Calluna vulgaris and Erica tetralix ) was limited by different nutrients. Erica tetralix was limited by N, Calluna vulgaris by P and Molinia caerulea by both N and P. We argue that increased N availability will change the relative availability of N and P, which can decrease species diversity. 6. Together these results show how factorial experiments can elucidate the complex ecological effects arising from sulphur and nitrogen deposition, revealing different mechanisms that change species richness and community composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Deposition, in turn, is often assumed to be responsible for the decline in species diversity in heathlands in recent decades (Van Dam et al . 1986;Berendse & Aerts 1987;Roelofs et al . 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nutrient addition and acidification on plant species diversity and seed germination in heathland

Roem

Klees

Berendse

2002

Journal of Applied Ecology

142

112

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“…In this situation, acidresistant plant species finally became dominant, with the concomitant disappearance of endangered plants typical at intermediate pH values (6n5-4n5), examples being softwater lake vegetation, grassland communities and forest understorey vegetation (Roelofs et al, 1996). A classical example in this respect is the Park Grass experiment at Rothamsted (UK), the longest-running nutrient addition experiment (Goulding et al, 1998).…”

Section: High Input Of Acidifying Nitrogen Compounds Can Cause Soil Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of tropospheric ozone and airborne nitrogenous pollutants on natural and semi‐natural ecosystems: a commentary

Bobbink

1998

New Phytologist

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Man's activities pose a number of threats to the functioning, structure and diversity of natural and seminatural ecosystems. One of the main threats is the increase in concentrations in air pollutants in this century (Wellburn, 1988 ;Tamm, 1991). This paper is a commentary on the effects of tropospheric ozone (O $ ) and airborne nitrogen deposition (both oxidized (NO x ) and reduced (NH y ) compounds) on natural and semi-natural ecosystems, based upon the oral presentations and the discussions during the Symposium, extended with a personal overview and some suggestions about future challenges for research. The most important effects of these air pollutants on natural and semi-natural vegetation are summarized and evaluated in ecological terms, with respect to the functioning and structure of unaffected systems. Air pollutants are transported over both short and long distances (as far as a few thousand km) before being deposited on surface water, vegetation or soil. In this way, vegetation over a large area or in remote regions can be influenced by airborne pollutants (see Fowler et al. (1998) ;Asman, Sutton & Schjørring (1998)).

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“…Recent experimental evidence, and practical field experience in ecosystem restoration, suggests that, once the process of altered species composition and increased nitrogen mineralisation described in (b) above has occurred, recovery of the original vegetation may occur only over very long timescales, or with very active management intervention to decrease nitrogen status and cycling (e.g. Roelofs et al, 1996). This emphasises the need for caution in setting critical loads at which these major changes in vegetation composition and nitrogen cycling do not occur.…”

Section: (D) Soil-mediated Effects Of Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Approaches to Developing Lichen-Based Critical Loads and Levels for Nitrogen, Sulfur and Metal-Containing Atmospheric Pollutants in North America

Glavich¹,

Geiser²

2008

The Bryologist

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Restoration ecology of aquatic and terrestrial vegetation on non-calcareous sandy soils in The Netherlands*

Cited by 73 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of nutrient addition and acidification on plant species diversity and seed germination in heathland

Effects of nutrient addition and acidification on plant species diversity and seed germination in heathland

Impacts of tropospheric ozone and airborne nitrogenous pollutants on natural and semi‐natural ecosystems: a commentary

Potential Approaches to Developing Lichen-Based Critical Loads and Levels for Nitrogen, Sulfur and Metal-Containing Atmospheric Pollutants in North America

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