Restlessness in Children

Levin, Paul M.

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1938.02270040120006

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is based on several indications. For example, patients with prefrontal lesions show behavioural similarities with ADHD patients (Benton 1991;Heilman et al 1991;Levin 1938;Mattes 1980) and the right PFC volume is reduced in children with ADHD (Castellanos et al 1996b;Filipek et al 1997;Hynd et al 1990). Both basal ganglia and frontal lobe volumes correlate with impaired attention and inhibition (Casey et al 1997;SemrudClikeman et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a striking similarity in symptoms between patients with lesions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and individuals with ADHD (Benton 1991;Heilman et al 1991;Levin 1938;Mattes 1980), which suggests an important role of the PFC in ADHD. Three studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) found a decreased volume of the right PFC in children with ADHD, while no such result was found regarding the left PFC (Castellanos et al 1996b;Filipek et al 1997;Hynd et al 1990).…”

Section: Functional and Structural Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, patients with frontal brain lesions show some behavioural similarities with ADHD patients (Benton 1991;Heilman et al 1991;Levin 1938;Mattes 1980) and ADHD has been shown to be highly heritable (Bobb et al 2005;Fisher et al 2002;Teicher et al 2000). These findings suggest that ADHD is based on some specific neurobiological dysfunctions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Animal models of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a critical review

Sontag

Tucha

Walitza

et al. 2010

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

102

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves clinically heterogeneous problems including attention deficits, behavioural hyperactivity and impulsivity. Several animal models of ADHD have been proposed, ranging from models with neurotoxic lesions to genetically manipulated animals. An ADHD model is supposed to show phenomenological similarities with the disorder, i.e. it should mimic the three core symptoms (face validity). A model should also conform to an established or hypothesized pathophysiological basis of the disorder (construct validity).Finally, an animal model should be able to predict previously unknown aspects of the neurobiology of ADHD or to provide potential new treatments (predictive validity). The currently proposed models are heterogeneous with regard to their pathophysiological alterations and their ability to mimic behavioural symptoms and to predict response to medication. This might reflect the heterogeneous nature of ADHD. Since the knowledge about the biology of ADHD from human studies is limited, one cannot at present decide which model best represents ADHD or certain ADHD subtypes. Animal models with good face and predictive validity may be useful for investigations of the underlying biological substrates of ADHD. At present, the models in use should be described as animal models of ADHD-like symptoms rather than models of ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional and Structural Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Animal models of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a critical review

Sontag

Tucha

Walitza

et al. 2010

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

102

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“…The (short-lived) use of the terms Restlessness Syndrome [12], Hyperkinetic Impulse Disorder [13], Hyperkinetic Behaviour Syndrome [14] and Hyperactive Child Syndrome [15] indicates that hyperactivity, and to a lesser extent, impulsivity were perceived as the core problems of this condition. The introduction of child psychiatric disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Second Edition [16] was the radical start of describing the disorder in the way we currently know it.…”

Section: History Of Adhd and Its Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Distinct or Related Disorders Across Measurement Levels?

Baeyens

Roeyers

Walle

2006

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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The aim of this literature review is to assess the current state of knowledge regarding differences and similarities between the inattentive (IA) and combined (C) subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in order to detail challenges concerning further conceptualization, diagnostics, and treatment. The literature on ADHD-IA and ADHD-C was reviewed and contrasted across genetic, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological/ neurochemical, neuro(psycho)logical, and clinical psychiatric measurement levels. It was found that the more fundamental the measurement level, the less unambiguous evidence is found for subtype differences. Only on the clinical psychiatric diagnostic level, do more or less clear-cut differences in cognitive, social, academic, and behavioural functioning emerge. In conclusion, fundamental research that compares ADHD-IA and ADHD-C is relatively rare. At this point, only irrefutable phenomenological evidence of subtype differences seems to be available, even in attention problems which are presumed to be identical. The question as to whether both subtypes should be considered as two independent disorders was not adequately resolved.

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“…Controversy over the etiology of the disorder arose during the 1930s when investigators began to apply different terms to the same cluster of behavioral symptoms (Kahn & Cohen, 1934;Levin, 1938). The label "restlessness" syndrome was applied to a group of children who displayed normal to superior intelligence and had no evidence of brain injury, but they exhibited symptoms of hyperactivity, poor attention span, and impulsivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

STOP, LOOK, AND LISTEN: The Challenge for Children with ADHD

Meaux

2000

Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing

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Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that appears in 4% to 13% of the U. S. population. Contrary to earlier beliefs, ADHD frequently persists into adolescence and adulthood and is associated with poor health choices and risk-taking behavior. Despite a vast amount of scientific literature addressing the disorder, many misconceptions and myths prevail creating confusion for children, their families, and health professionals as they attempt to make treatment decisions. One new theoretical model of ADHD shows promise in its ability to provide a more comprehensive explanation of the disorder; it could prove useful in the development of interventions and research programs to improve health maintenance and decrease health-risk behavior in the ADHD population.

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Restlessness in Children

Cited by 37 publications

References 10 publications

Animal models of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a critical review

Animal models of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a critical review

Subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Distinct or Related Disorders Across Measurement Levels?

STOP, LOOK, AND LISTEN: The Challenge for Children with ADHD

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