Restless Legs Syndrome and Pregnancy: Follow-Up of Pregnant Women before and after Delivery

Neau, Jean‐Philippe; Marion, Pauline; Mathis, Stéphane; Julian, Adrien; Godenèche, G.; Larrieu, Delphine; Meurice, J.-C.; Paquereau, J.; Ingrand, Pierre

doi:10.1159/000322124

Cited by 66 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…This yielded 131 articles in Pub Med. Of these, 16 were peer-reviewed articles specifically dealing with the prevalence of WED/RLS during pregnancy and were written in the English language; these 16 articles, spanning 1945 -2012, were included in this review ( Table 1) [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Wed/rls During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six studies had participants who completed self-administered questionnaires [17][18][19][20][25][26][27], another seven conducted face to face interviews [16, 21-24, 26, 29, 31], and three studies did not specify how data was collected [28,30,31].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Wed/rls During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies collected data in the third trimester [17,20,29], one of which included a follow-up at four weeks postpartum [29]. One study examined the first and third trimesters [19], while another examined the second and third trimesters [23].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Wed/rls During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2003, after revision of the IRLSSG criteria for the diagnosis of WED/RLS, ten studies used all four criteria [16,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]32]. The most recent study by Chen et al (2012) used all four criteria.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Wed/rls During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Willis-Ekbom Disease/Restless Legs Syndrome During Pregnancy: A Review

Jg¹,

Qa²

2013

TOSLPJ

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Willis-Ekbom Disease/Restless Legs Syndrome (WED/RLS), a disorder frequently unrecognized and under diagnosed during pregnancy, may affect one out of every three women in this population. Symptoms can lead to disrupted sleep and adversely affect daytime alertness and performance. The exact prevalence of WED/RLS during pregnancy is unknown, largely due to lack of standardization for assessment of the disorder. We present a review of articles examining this, so clinicians can appreciate assessment and treatment of the up to 34% of pregnant women who may suffer from WED/RLS and its consequences.

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Section: Prevalence Of Wed/rls During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Wed/rls During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Wed/rls During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Wed/rls During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Willis-Ekbom Disease/Restless Legs Syndrome During Pregnancy: A Review

Jg¹,

Qa²

2013

TOSLPJ

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“…Subsequently, several epidemiological studies have confirmed an increased prevalence of RLS during pregnancy, with rates of 10%-30% that peak in the third trimester [5][6][7][8] . Notably, although the symptoms tend to resolve after delivery, the recurrence rate in subsequent pregnancies range from 30% to 60% 7 , and women who experience RLS during pregnancy have a three-to four-fold increased risk of developing idiopathic RLS in later life compared with those who had no symptoms during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Open-label study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant women with restless legs syndrome

et al. 2015

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Open-label study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant women with restless legs syndrome, Sleep Medicine (2015), http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.08.006. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland (Lugano). Patient and Methods:Nineteen women in the third trimester of pregnancy with moderateto-severe RLS and serum ferritin levels <35 µg/L or hemoglobin (Hb) <11.0 g/dl were included in the study. RLS was graded according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome (IRLS) Study Group rating scale. All participants had a score of ≥20 or had RLS ≥3 times/week. Depending on Hb levels, 500 or 700 mg of FCM was administered over 20 min. The primary endpoint was a ≥50% reduction in the mean IRLS score 1 week after FCM infusion. Secondary endpoints included periodic limb movements (PLMs; assessed using nocturnal foot actigraphy), sleep quality (assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and safety. Results:The IRLS score decreased from 23 ± 7 (baseline) to 13 ± 7 (P < 0.01), whereas the PLM index decreased from 35 ± 26 (baseline) to 25 ± 20 (P < 0.001). Significant improvement in sleep quality was also reported (P < 0.029), and treatment was well tolerated. Three serious adverse events were reported but were considered unrelated to treatment. Conclusions:These data provides promising evidence of the safety and efficacy of FCM for moderate-to-severe RLS in pregnant women with iron deficiency or anemia. A future placebo-controlled study is therefore warranted.

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Iron in Restless Legs Syndrome

Schulte

Kaffe

Schormair

et al. 2014

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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A link between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and iron has been recognized for several decades. Yet, the precise role that iron or other components of iron metabolism play in bringing about RLS is still a matter of debate. During the last few years, many new pieces of evidence from genetics, pathology, imaging, and clinical studies have surfaced. However, the way this evidence fits into the larger picture of RLS as a disease is not always easily understood. To provide a better understanding of the complex interplay between iron metabolism and RLS and highlight areas that need further elucidation, we systematically and critically review the current literature on the role of iron in RLS pathophysiology and treatment with a special emphasis on genetics, neuropathology, cell and animal models, imaging studies, and therapy.Karl Ekbom, the Swedish neurologist, who, in 1945, rendered the first "modern" description of restless legs syndrome (RLS), was the first to describe a link between iron and the disease.1 His contemporary, Nils Nordlander, subsequently reported on the use of intravenous (IV) iron in the treatment of RLS in 1953. 2 In the current clinical setting, one still encounters many individuals with RLS with low serum ferritin levels who appear to benefit from iron therapy. Moreover, although imaging studies have not always yielded results congruent to each other, the large majority points to dysregulation of brain-iron status in individuals with RLS. Yet, the precise role that iron or other components of iron metabolism play in bringing about the disease is still a matter of debate. It is, for instance, known that dopaminergic treatment efficiently improves RLS symptoms. Though the exact mechanism of dopaminergic action in RLS remains to be elucidated, it is interesting to note that iron is a cofactor in the rate-limiting step of the conversion of tyrosine to levodopa by the enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase, which is subsequently decarboxylated to form dopamine (DA). Iron deficiency could thus be postulated to reduce functional DA levels and worsen RLS symptoms. Yet, the situation is not as simple as one might assume because, for example, other components of iron pathways have also been shown to be altered in patients with RLS; some genetic factors implicated in RLS suggest a yet largely unexplored influence on iron metabolism, and individuals with hemochromatosis-induced systemic iron overload are in no way immune to RLS. During the last few years, many new pieces of evidence from genetics, pathology, imaging, and clinical studies have surfaced regarding the involvement of iron in RLS. However, the way this evidence fits into the larger picture of RLS as a disease is not always easily understood. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the influence of iron and different components of iron metabolism on the development and treatment of RLS. Search StrategyWe systematically reviewed research reports, clinical studies, case series, and review articles published in English between January 1981 and ...

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Restless Legs Syndrome and Pregnancy: Follow-Up of Pregnant Women before and after Delivery

Cited by 66 publications

References 56 publications

Prevalence of Willis-Ekbom Disease/Restless Legs Syndrome During Pregnancy: A Review

Prevalence of Willis-Ekbom Disease/Restless Legs Syndrome During Pregnancy: A Review

Open-label study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant women with restless legs syndrome

Iron in Restless Legs Syndrome

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