Restless Leg Syndrome Across the Globe

Koo, Brian B.

doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2015.05.004

Cited by 77 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…This is the first case–control study to assess the prevalence of RLS in patients with FMD. Forty-three per cent of patients with FMD met the diagnostic criteria for RLS while in the control group RLS was found in 8%, similarly to previous findings in population studies 22. The RLS presence was not associated with medication or organic comorbidities in patients with FMD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in functional movement disorders: a case–control study from the Czech Republic

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesThe prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in functional movement disorders (FMD) is not known. Patients with FMD often present with multiple motor and sensory symptoms. Some of these symptoms might be due to comorbid RLS. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate possible association between FMD and RLS.DesignCase–control study.SettingMovement Disorders Center, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.Participants96 consecutive patients with clinically established FMD (80 females, mean age (SD) 45.0 (13) years), and 76 matched controls.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was prevalence of RLS based on updated International RLS Study Group criteria. Secondary outcome measures included prevalence of periodic limb movements (PLM) using actigraphy; pain, motor and sensory symptoms in lower limbs; organic comorbidities and medication affecting RLS.ResultsRLS criteria were fulfilled in 43.8% of patients (95% CI 34 to 54) and in 7.9% of controls (95% CI 3 to 17, p<0.00001). Both RLS and PLM indices (PLMi) ≥22.5/hour were found in 21.2% of patients with FMD and 2.6% of controls. Patients with FMD with RLS had a higher mean PLMi (p<0.001) and a higher proportion of PLMi ≥22.5/hour (p<0.01) than RLS-negative patients. Patients with RLS had higher prevalence of pain and sensory symptoms in lower limbs, no difference was found in medication and prevalence of organic comorbidities in patients with FMD with and without RLS.ConclusionsWe found an increased prevalence of RLS in patients with FMD. Clinical diagnosis of RLS was supported by actigraphic measurement of clinically relevant PLM in a significant proportion of patients with FMD. Although functional motor and sensory symptoms may mimic RLS, RLS may be unrecognised in patients with FMD. This finding may have clinical implications in management of FMD, and it raises the possibility of common pathophysiological mechanisms of FMD and RLS/PLM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in functional movement disorders: a case–control study from the Czech Republic

et al. 2019

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“…By employing minimal diagnostic criteria of the international restless legs syndrome study group (IRLSSG) the prevalence of this disorder has been estimated between 3.9% and 14.3% with women more affected than men and an increase with age ( 6 ). Notably, RLS/WED seems to have different prevalence linked to geographic areas: highest in European populations (5% to 12%), intermediate in Asian countries (1% to 8%), and lowest in African countries (<1%) ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restless Legs Syndrome and Parkinson Disease: A Causal Relationship Between the Two Disorders?

2018

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Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is a common sleep related movement disorder that can be idiopathic or occurs in comorbidity with other medical conditions such as polyneuropathy, iron deficiency anemia, multiple sclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, a growing body of literature investigated the association between RLS/WED and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Several questions regarding the comorbidity between these two disorders are still unanswered. If the insurgence of RLS/WED may precede the onset of PD, or if RLS/WED could represent a secondary condition of PD and if impaired dopaminergic pathway may represent a bridge between these two conditions are still debatable issues. In this review, we critically discuss the relationship between RLS/WED and PD by reviewing cross sectional and longitudinal studies, as well as the role of dopamine in these disorders. A twofold interpretation have to be taken into account: dopaminergic therapy may have a crucial role in the development of RLS/WED in PD patients or RLS/WED can be conceived as an early manifestation of PD rather than a risk factor. Several studies showed a high prevalence of RLS/WED in PD patients and several findings related to dopaminergic and iron alterations in both disorders, however up to now it is difficult to find a point of agreement between studies. A greater number of systematic and strongly controlled longitudinal studies as well as basic pathophysiological investigations particularly in RLS/WED are needed to clarify this complex relationship.

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“…Comparing to other studies with the same screening instrument, a prevalence of 6% for RLS could be considered a medium rate. Higher estimates range from 5.5% to 11% reported in adult Caucasian populations while prevalence rates are lower for Asian populations ranges from 1.0% to 7.5% [ 23 ]. In the Eastern Mediterranean WHO region, just one study with a smaller sample size (n = 2682) was performed, which reported a prevalence rate of 8.4% in general population in Saudi Arabia [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated comorbidities of restless legs syndrome (RLS): Data from a large population-based door-to-door survey on 19176 adults in Tehran, Iran

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDiscrepancies have been reported in the prevalence rate of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among different ethnic groups and geographic populations. Furthermore, there are disagreements on determinant factors and associated comorbidities of RLS. We aimed to estimate prevalence of RLS and investigate its associated comorbid conditions and risk factors in a large population-based door-to-door survey.MethodsFollowing a multistage random sampling from the households lived in 22 urban districts of Tehran, Iran, 19176 participants with ≥30 years of age were recruited. Trained surveyors filled study checklist consisting of baseline characteristics, risk factors and comorbidity profile and the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria through face-to-face interviews.ResultsIn total, 1580 individuals were positively screened for RLS resulting in a standardized prevalence rate of 60.0/1000. There was a gradual increase in RLS prevalence by advancing age, however, sex difference disappeared after adjustment. Parkinsonism [adjusted odds’ ratio (adj-OR) = 7.4 (95% CI: 5.3–10.4)], peripheral neuropathy [adj-OR = 3.7 (95% CI: 3.3–4.1)], subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) [adj-OR = 3.1 (95% CI: 2.7–3.4)], acting out dreams [adj-OR = 2.8 (95% CI: 2.5–3.2)], hyposmia [adj-OR = 2.5 (95% CI: 2.2–2.9)], active smoking [adj-OR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.9)] and additional number of cardiometabolic diseases associated with higher risk of RLS [adj-OR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2–2.3)].ConclusionOur findings showed that neuro-cognitive co-morbidities such as parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, SCI, acting out dreams and hyposmia as well as cardio-metabolic risk factors and diseases were independent determinants of RLS. It is recommended to screen individuals with either these comorbid conditions for RLS or the ones with RLS for the accompanying diseases.

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Restless Leg Syndrome Across the Globe

Cited by 77 publications

References 76 publications

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in functional movement disorders: a case–control study from the Czech Republic

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in functional movement disorders: a case–control study from the Czech Republic

Restless Legs Syndrome and Parkinson Disease: A Causal Relationship Between the Two Disorders?

Prevalence and associated comorbidities of restless legs syndrome (RLS): Data from a large population-based door-to-door survey on 19176 adults in Tehran, Iran

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