Restitution of vimba (Vimba vimba, Cyprinidae) in Poland: genetic variability of existing and restored populations

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“…Additionally, the multidisciplinary approach combining not only aquaculture production data but also welfare and healthy aspects, genetic, phenotypic and geographic structuring of phenotypic and genetic diversity across populations both natural and captive) should be given strong attention (Rabova, Rab, Ozo uf-Costaz, Ene, & Wanzebock, 2003;Hanfling et al, 2009;Popovic et al, 2013;Hudson et al, 2014). Rearing riverine fish under non-flowing conditions may be stressful and lead to adverse growth but also can increase the potential to the diseases (Recek, Palikova, Lojek, & Navratil, 2009).…”

“…Rearing riverine fish under non-flowing conditions may be stressful and lead to adverse growth but also can increase the potential to the diseases (Recek, Palikova, Lojek, & Navratil, 2009). Using of local fish stocks instead of non-native stocks often use in commercial hatcheries seems to be preferred for many aspects in conservation captive breeding restocking programs of many endangered species (Laikre, 2010;Luikart, Ryman, Tallmon, Schwartz, & Allendorf, 2010;Popovic et al, 2013;Vetesnik, Halacka, Papousek, Mendel, & Simkova, 2009).…”

“…The populations of both species began decreasing in the 20 th century (Lusk,1995;Keckeis, Frankiewicz, & Schiemer 1996;Hliwa, Demska-Zakes, Martyniak, & Krol, 2003;Spurny, Fiala, & Mares, 2004) not only because of overfishing, but also from other anthropogenic effects such us loss of gravel bank areas, water pollution, destruction of spawning areas or eutrophication of open waters. According to the IUCN/WCU (2008) species endangered in many European countries (Witkowski, Kotusz, & Przybylski, 2009;Popovic et al, 2013), and based on the Red List of Threatened Species in the Czech Republic (Lusk, Hanel, & Luskova, 2004), vimba bream is categorised as a vulnerable, while nase is classified as an endangered fish species in Czech nature. As a result of the unfavourable state of natural populations, research has been started in the last two decades focusing on artificial reproduction and rearing for restocking; captive breeding programs are widely used in conservation of many endangered fish species.…”