Resting-State Neurophysiological Activity Patterns in Young People with ASD, ADHD, and ASD + ADHD

Shephard, Elizabeth; Tye, Charlotte; Ashwood, Karen; Azadi, Bahare; Asherson, Philip; Bolton, Patrick; McLoughlin, Gráinne

doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3300-4

Cited by 56 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…Recent studies that employed similar statistical methods as the current work found that comorbidity is generally additive and characterized by unique deficits of the pure disorders Tye, Battaglia et al, 2014;Shephard et al, 2018), but a few non-additive patterns were found for reaction time variability Tye et al, 2016) and event-related potentials related to response preparation and social cognition (Tye, Battaglia et al, 2014). The presence of non-additive patterns points to unique processing or additional factors underlying the cognitive performance in comorbid patients.…”

Section: 4supporting

confidence: 52%

Examining the Overlap Between ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Using Candidate Endophenotypes of ADHD

et al. 2018

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Section: 4supporting

confidence: 52%

Examining the Overlap Between ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Using Candidate Endophenotypes of ADHD

et al. 2018

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“…This bias was not evident in infants who were at elevated familial risk for both autism and ADHD, suggesting that presence of elevated familial risk for ADHD combated the bias towards attending to previously explored information in the infant siblings at elevated familial risk for autism. Additive phenotypic effects in co-occurring autism and ADHD have been described in other contexts as well (such as face processing, attentional orienting and response inhibition) (33)(34)(35)(36). Therefore, the aim of our rst study was to determine how attention to repeating vs changing information is in uenced by stimulus complexity and whether any unique attentional patterns are evident within different clinical groups with a diagnosis of autism, ADHD, or both.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the effect of stimulus complexity on attention to repeating and changing information in Autism?

Arora

Bellato

Gliga

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Previous research has suggested that atypical attention in autism might be driven by a preference for sameness over novelty. There is also evidence of slower habituation to a repeating stimulus in autism. It is not known whether slower habituation is driven by atypically slower processing of repeating information or whether it is a manifestation of an attentional bias away from novelty towards sameness. Methods We adapted an existing eye-tracking task and measured eye movements to two streams of stimuli presented simultaneously, one each in the left and right sides of the screen. One stimulus repeated while the second stimulus changed across trials. We manipulated the complexity of the stimuli between three conditions: a simple shapes condition, a social (smiling faces) condition and a complex non-social condition (clocks with moving parts). Using the slope of change in the longest look duration to each stimulus over trials, we measured whether autistic features were associated with slower habituation (to the repeating stimulus) and/or reduced attention to novelty (changing stimulus) over trials, and whether these effects were more pronounced in conditions with higher stimulus complexity (social and non-social complex conditions) compared with low complexity (simple shapes condition). We presented the task to two independent samples of children: 7-15 years old children and adolescents (n=103) diagnosed with Autism, ADHD or co-occurring Autism and ADHD and neurotypical children (Study 1); neurotypical children (n=64) with varying levels of subclinical traits of Autism (Study 2). Results Across the two studies, autistic features were associated with positive slopes of change in look durations (longer looks over time) to the repeating stimulus and negative slopes (shorter looks over time) to the changing stimulus, only in conditions with higher stimulus complexity. Negative slopes to the changing stimulus in conditions of higher stimulus complexity was associated with higher severity of social interaction difficulties (in Study 1). Conclusions Reduced attention to novelty in autism might partly be driven by difficulties in processing more complex information, which might contribute to the development of social interaction difficulties in autism. Replication in larger samples and longitudinal research using younger age groups are recommended.

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“…Both power and synchrony measures have revealed important insights into the neural mechanisms affected in mental disorders. For example, reduced oscillatory power and connectivity in the alpha frequency is a robust finding in children and adults with ASD and is present across resting and cognitive task [64][65][66] . Since alpha oscillations index cortical inhibition and are mediated by inhibitory GABA-ergic neurotransmission 60 , the reduced alpha in ASD indicates that impaired or inefficient inhibitory neuronal circuitry is a key mechanism involved in this disorder; indeed, recent research indicates that GABA-modulating drugs may be effective in reducing ASD symptoms and restoring functional neural connectivity 39 .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging and electroencephalographic (EEG) methods for investigating neural circuits in mental disorders

Murakami¹,

Hoexter²,

Shephard³

2019

Rev. Med. (São Paulo)

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It is increasingly recognised that dysfunction in neural circuits plays a key role in the neurobiological basis of mental disorders. The efficacy of pharmacological and behavioural treatments for mental disorders could therefore be improved by targeting dysfunctions in neurocircuits. However, to achieve this, a better understanding of the specific alterations in neural circuits involved in different mental disorders is required. Such understanding can be acquired by using advanced neuroscience methods to examine the pathways and function of neurocircuits in both typically developing individuals and in those with mental disorders. This article provides an overview of currently available neuroscience methods of investigating neural circuits, including advantages and limitations of different techniques, and highlights the importance of using multi-modal imaging in future research

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Resting-State Neurophysiological Activity Patterns in Young People with ASD, ADHD, and ASD + ADHD

Cited by 56 publications

References 66 publications

Examining the Overlap Between ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Using Candidate Endophenotypes of ADHD

Examining the Overlap Between ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Using Candidate Endophenotypes of ADHD

What is the effect of stimulus complexity on attention to repeating and changing information in Autism?

Neuroimaging and electroencephalographic (EEG) methods for investigating neural circuits in mental disorders

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