Resting-state EEG, impulsiveness, and personality in daily and nondaily smokers

Abstract

Objectives Resting EEG is sensitive to transient, acute effects of nicotine administration and abstinence, but the chronic effects smoking on EEG are poorly characterized. This study measures the resting EEG profile of chronic smokers in a non-deprived, non-peak state to test whether differences in smoking behavior and personality traits affect pharmaco-EEG response. Methods Resting EEG, impulsiveness, and personality measures were collected from daily smokers (n=22), nondaily smokers (n=31), and non-smokers (n=30). Results Daily smokers had reduced resting delta and alpha EEG power and higher impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) compared to nondaily smokers and non-smokers. Both daily and nondaily smokers discounted delayed rewards more steeply, reported lower conscientiousness (NEO-FFI) and reported greater disinhibition and experience seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale) than non-smokers. Nondaily smokers reported greater sensory hedonia than nonsmokers. Conclusions Altered resting EEG power in daily smokers demonstrates differences in neural signaling that correlated with greater smoking behavior and dependence. Although nondaily smokers share some characteristics with daily smokers that may predict smoking initiation and maintenance, they differ on measures of impulsiveness and resting EEG power. Significance Resting EEG in non-deprived chronic smokers provides a standard for comparison to peak and trough nicotine states and may serve as a biomarker for nicotine dependence, relapse risk, and recovery.

Decreased Global Network Efficiency in Young Male Smoker: An EEG Study during the Resting State

“…In addition, eccentricity indicates longest distance between a reference node and any other node, which reflects the efficient information processing from the least central node (van Dellen et al, 2015 ; Fraga González et al, 2016 ). In present study, decreased leaf fraction, kappa value were found in young smoker, which were similar with previous EEG studies brain neural oscillations properties in smokers during the resting state (Rass et al, 2015 ). Decreased alpha band power in smokers might be associated with long-term consequences of nicotine use (Rass et al, 2015 ; Wilbanks et al, 2016 ).…”

“…Electroencephalography (EEG) had been employed to measure ongoing oscillation of neural electrical activity in the absence of an overt task or stimulation (Delbeuck et al, 2003 ; Stam et al, 2007 ). By using spectral analysis of neural oscillations in EEG, previous resting state studies had found decreased theta and delta power, increased beta power and inconsistent results in alpha band.in smokers (Rass et al, 2015 ). Graph theoretical network analyses (GTA) of EEG signal during the resting state was used to investigate the integrity and efficiency of global brain networks in brain diseases, by assessing the topology characteristics of global brain networks (Delbeuck et al, 2003 ; Lee et al, 2006 ; Leistedt et al, 2009 ; Fraga González et al, 2016 ).…”

“…Spectral analysis provided us a way to detect the changes of spectral power in different neural oscillations, which were related with the cortical arousal or activation (Rass et al, 2015 ). Compared with traditional EEG methods, the phase lag index (PLI) assessed the consistency of phase lags between time series, which may avoid the effect of spurious interactions caused by common reference effects or volume conduction (Stam et al, 2007 ; Yuan et al, 2016 ).…”

Elevated outcome-anticipation and outcome-evaluation ERPs associated with a greater preference for larger-but-delayed rewards

“…The larger-but-delayed choice was always fixed at $800 regardless of one’s prior choice. Following procedures conventionally used in studies focusing on individual-differences in inter-temporal responses (Ahn et al, 2011; Du et al, 2002; Rass, Ahn, & O’Donnell, 2015), we continued the adaptation of the smaller-but-immediate choice to the sixth trial of each block. Accordingly, the mean of the upper and lower bounds of the sixth trial was defined as the participants’ subjective value of $800 at a given delay.…”

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combining Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Smoking Cessation: A Case Report

“…Also, higher resting beta power among alcoholics can interpret as cortical hyperexcitability. 7 In a similar vein, qEEG studies have shown connections between beta-band activity and failure to stay away from drugs. Thus far, research suggests that nicotine deprivation among smokers is associated with the lesser power in beta bands.…”