Resting-state Abnormalities in Heroin-dependent Individuals

Abstract

Article available under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. AbstractDrug addiction is a major health problem worldwide. Recent neuroimaging studies have shed light into the underlying mechanisms of drug addiction as well as its consequences to the human brain. The most vulnerable, to heroin addiction, brain regions have been reported to be specific regions in the prefrontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes, as well as, some subcortical regions.The brain regions involvedare linked with reward, motivation/drive, memory/learning, inhibition as well as emotional control andseem to form circuitsthat interact with each other. So, along with neuroimaging studies, recent advances in resting-state dynamics might allow further assessments upon the multilayer complexity of addiction. In the current manuscript, we comprehensively reviewand discuss all the existing resting-state neuroimaging findings classified into three overlapping and interconnected groups: functional connectivity alterations, structural deficits and abnormal topological properties. Moreover, behavioral traits of heroin-addicted individuals as well as the limitations of the currently available studies are also reviewed. Finally, in need of a contemporary therapya multimodal therapeutic approach is suggested using classical treatment practices along with current neurotechonologies, such as neurofeedback and goal-oriented video-games Keywords:Heroin addiction, resting-state, functional and structural connectivity, small-world properties, behavioral traits of heroin-dependent individuals. Radial Diffusivity (RD) 5 Drug addiction or substance dependence (Koob and Le Moal, 2005)is defined as a multifaceted neuropsychiatric disorder resulting from complex interactions between neurobiological, environmental, genetic and pharmacological variables (Sutherland et al., 2012).It affects both cognitive as well as emotional processes . Furthermore, the compulsive seeking and taking of the drug despite the negative consequences, (including downward social mobility (Denier et al., 2013b)), constitutes its behavioral phenotype (Volkow ...

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