“…Twelve studies examined alternative interventions, including relaxation (e.g. guided relaxation, meditation/mindfulness, hypnobirthing; Baleghi, Akerdi, & Pasha, 2016 ; Bulez et al, 2019 ; Byrne, Hauck, Fisher, Bayes, & Schutze, 2014 ; Fisher et al, 2012 ; Hunter et al, 2011 ; Pour-Edalati et al, 2019 ), exercise ( n = 2; Guder, Yalvac, & Vural, 2018 ; Guszkowska, 2014 ), art therapy ( n = 2; Sezen & Ünsalver, 2019 ; Wahlbeck, Kvist, & Landgren, 2018 ) or group psychodynamic (Saisto, Toivanen, Salmela-Aro, & Halmesmäki, 2006 ), role play (Navaee & Abedian, 2015 ) and heart rate monitoring (Narita, Shinohara, & Kodama, 2018 ). Ten studies had control groups; no studies were RCTs.…”