Resting heart rate and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality – A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Aune, Dagfinn; Sen, Abhijit; O’Hartaigh, Bríain; Janszky, Imre; Romundstad, Pål Richard; Tonstad, Serena; Vatten, Lars J.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2017.04.004

Cited by 201 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…The association was stronger in low‐risk groups, and significant joint association was found between RHR and other known risk factors in respect to T2D risk. Taken together with accumulating evidence suggesting the usefulness of RHR as a diagnostic tool for several chronic diseases and a prognostic tool for patients, our findings suggest that RHR has a potential to be used independently, and in addition to other known risk factors, to predict future T2D in the clinical settings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Resting heart rate and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study and meta‐analysis

Lee

Rezende

et al. 2018

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Background Positive association between resting heart rate (RHR) and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been documented in several studies. However, whether RHR is an independent predictor of T2D and its potential interaction with other risk factors of T2D remain unclear. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of 31 156 men from the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (1992‐2012). Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association between RHR and T2D risk. We further examined whether this association is modified by known risk factors. Lastly, we conducted a meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies. Results During 505 380 person‐years of follow‐up, we identified 2338 incident T2D cases. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) comparing the highest vs lowest categories of RHR was 1.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43‐2.01). Increase in 10 bpm of RHR was associated with 19% increased risk of T2D in the fully adjusted model (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.24). The HRs of T2D associated with RHR were stronger among those with normal weight or without hypertension (P interaction < 0.001). Moreover, RHR with other known risk factors cumulatively increased T2D risk. A meta‐analysis consistently showed a positive association between RHR and T2D risk (the summary relative risk [RR] for highest vs lowest RHR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.26‐1.86, n = 12, the summary RR per 10 bpm increase, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09‐1.26, n = 13). Conclusions High RHR was independently associated with increased risk of T2D. Our findings suggest that RHR, with other known risk factors, could be a useful tool to predict T2D risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Resting heart rate (RHR) has been commonly used as a simple and useful diagnostic and predictive tool for cardiovascular disease in clinical settings . More recently, epidemiological studies have found an association between elevated RHR and increased risk of T2D, after adjusting for potential confounders .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting heart rate and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study and meta‐analysis

Lee

Rezende

et al. 2018

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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“…The Kailuan study analysed 92 562 participants and reported that cardiovascular risk in highest quintile group compared with the lowest quintile group of RHR was similar, whereas the risk of all‐cause death was 18% higher . Recently, published meta‐analysis that involved 87 studies showed that increase of RHR per 10 bmp elevated risk for cardiovascular disease occurrence by 15% and for all‐cause mortality by 17% . The analysis of 112 680 subjects demonstrated that subjects with RHR >80 bpm compared with those with RHR <65 bmp had 44% greater cardiovascular risk and even 54% higher total mortality …”

Section: Heart Rate and Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kailuan study showed that the risk of myocardial infarction was 10% higher in the highest quintile group compared with the lowest quintile RHR group . Aune et al in the large meta‐analysis recently revealed that increase of RHR per 10 bmp elevated the risk for coronary heart disease by 7% and 9% for sudden cardiac death. Large meta‐analysis that involved 1 227 511 participants reported that an increment of RHR by 10 bpm elevated the risk of coronary artery disease for 12%, whereas Wang et al demonstrated that higher RHR was related to more severe coronary artery disease.…”

Section: Heart Rate and Risk Of Coronary Artery Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its importance has been long underestimated until the study published almost 40 years ago showed a great predictive value of RHR in coronary artery disease . After this many investigation demonstrated the importance of RHR in various cardiovascular conditions . Interestingly, the studies showed also the relationship between RHR and cancer incidence and cancer mortality, as well as between HR and cardio‐metabolic risk, which is the reason why RHR is not considered as a marker of overall health condition rather than a marker of cardiovascular health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heart rate as a predictor of cardiovascular risk

Tadić

Cuspidi

Grassı

2018

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background: Heart rate (HR) is a predictor of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population, as well as in patients with cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases. We aimed to summarize current knowledge regarding the influence of HR on cardio-and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. Materials and methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid and EMBASE databases were searched for large follow-up studies or meta-analysis published between January 1990 and September 2017 in the English language using the following keyword "heart rate," "resting heart rate," "mortality," "outcome," "hypertension," "heart failure," "ischaemic heart disease," "coronary heart disease" and "stroke." Results:The relationship between increased HR and cardio-and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality has been reported in a large number of studies, and the results regarding this association are concurrent. This connection is generally stronger in men than in women. The increase in HR usually occurs in parallel with elevation of blood pressure and metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia). However, even after adjustment for the most important cardiovascular risk factors, HR remained an independent predictor of adverse events in global population or in patients with cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases. Conclusion: HR has an important negative effect on cardio-and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. Future longitudinal investigations should clarify HR significance and optimal HR reduction for primary and secondary prevention in cardio-and cerebrovascular events.

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Resting heart rate but not heart rate variability is associated with the normal‐weight obesity phenotype

Plaza‐Florido,

Ruiz,

Alcantara

2024

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectiveTo determine differences in resting heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) between young adults with normal‐weight obesity (NWO) and normal‐weight lean (NWL).MethodsA total of 65 normal‐weight individuals (18–25 years old, 50 women, body mass index 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) were included in this cross‐sectional study. Body fat percentage was determined using a whole‐body dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry scanner. Resting HRV and HR were assessed with the Polar RS800CX. Forty‐one participants were classified as NWO and 24 NWL using cutoff points for body fat percentage (33.3% for women and 23.1% for men).ResultsThere were no differences in HRV between NWO and NWL groups (all p > .05). HR was higher in NWO (mean 70 beats per minute [bpm], standard deviation [SD] 8) than in NWL adults (mean 65 bpm, SD 10), the adjusted mean difference 5 bpm (95% CI, 0 to 10 bpm).ConclusionHR is a noninvasive biomarker and relatively cheap, fast, and easy to measure that could detect “apparently healthy” young individuals with an adverse cardiovascular disease risk profile despite presenting a normal body weight.

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Resting heart rate and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality – A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Abstract: This meta-analysis found an increased risk of coronary heart disease, sudden cardiac death, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality with greater resting heart rate.

Cited by 201 publications

References 121 publications

Resting heart rate and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study and meta‐analysis

Resting heart rate and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study and meta‐analysis

Heart rate as a predictor of cardiovascular risk

Resting heart rate but not heart rate variability is associated with the normal‐weight obesity phenotype

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