Resting energy expenditure-fat-free mass relationship: new insights provided by body composition modeling

Wang, ZiMian; Heshka, Stanley; Gallagher, Dympna; Boozer, Carol N.; Kotler, Donald P.; Heymsfield, Steven B.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.3.e539

Cited by 179 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, body fat scales interspecifically as M 1.19 in mammals (Pitts and Bullard 1968;Calder 1984) and has a very low mass-specific metabolic rate (Elia 1992). If the scaling exponent of metabolic rate is calculated on the basis of fat-free mass rather than whole-body mass, it tends to be higher (Wang et al 2000;Blanc et al 2003), and in some cases metabolic rate does appear to scale isometrically with fat-free mass (e.g., in humans; Vanderburgh and Katch 1996). While these studies are insightful, manipulative experiments specifically targeting the relationship between body composition and metabolic rate would be more useful.…”

Section: Metabolic Scaling and Reserve Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Metabolic Theories

Kearney

White

2012

The American Naturalist

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. abstract: Metabolism is the process by which individual organisms acquire energy and materials from their environment and use them for maintenance, differentiation, growth, and reproduction. There has been a recent push to build an individual-based metabolic underpinning into ecological theory-that is, a metabolic theory of ecology. However, the two main theories of individual metabolism that have been applied in ecology-Kooijman's dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory and the West, Brown, and Enquist (WBE) theoryhave fundamentally different assumptions. Surprisingly, the core assumptions of these two theories have not been rigorously compared from an empirical perspective. Before we can build an understanding of ecology on the basis of individual metabolism, we must resolve the differences between these theories and thus set the appropriate foundation. Here we compare the DEB and WBE theories in detail as applied to ontogenetic growth and metabolic scaling, from which we identify circumstances where their predictions diverge most strongly. Promising experimental areas include manipulative studies of tissue regeneration, body shape, body condition, temperature, and oxygen. Much empirical work designed specifically with DEB and WBE theory in mind is required before any consensus can be reached on the appropriate theoretical basis for a metabolic theory of ecology.

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Section: Metabolic Scaling and Reserve Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Metabolic Theories

Kearney

White

2012

The American Naturalist

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“…38 In addition, it is directly related to the resting metabolic rate and plays a crucial role in energy balance and nutritional status. 39 Muscle wasting leads to a depletion of fat-free mass at an early stage without affecting body weight. 40 On the other hand, fat mass is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Study Design and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal follow-up of nutritional status and its influencing factors in adults undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Urbain

Birlinger

Lambert

et al. 2012

Bone Marrow Transplant

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There are few longitudinal data on nutritional status and body composition of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). We assessed nutritional status of 105 patients before alloHCT and its course during the early posttransplant period to day þ 30 and day þ 100 via weight history, body mass index (BMI) normalized for gender and age, Subjective Global Assessment, phase angle normalized for gender, age, and BMI, and fat-free and body fat masses. Furthermore, we present a multivariate regression model investigating the impact of factors on body weight. At admission, 23.8% reported significant weight losses (45%) in the previous 6 months, and we noted 31.5% with abnormal age-and sex-adjusted BMI values (p10th, X90th percentiles). BMI decreased significantly (Po0.0001) in both periods by 11% in total, meaning a weight loss of 8.6 ± 5.7 kg. Simultaneously, the patients experienced significant losses (Po0.0001) of both fat-free and body fat masses. Multivariate regression model revealed clinically relevant acute GVHD (parameter estimate 1.43; P ¼ 0.02) and moderate/severe anorexia (parameter estimate 1.07; P ¼ 0.058) as independent factors influencing early weight loss. In conclusion, our results show a significant deterioration in nutritional status during the early post-transplant period. Predominant alloHCT-associated complications such as anorexia and acute GVHD became evident as significant factors influencing nutritional status.

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“…The result is that the intercept of the relation between fat-free mass and metabolism is generally not zero, even if the contribution and influence on other tissues of fat tissue remain constant. 29,30 Simply dividing by fat-free mass is therefore inappropriate, because the scaling is not isometric. These problems are as important in normalisation of metabolism data in humans as they are in animals.…”

Section: Comparison Of Energy Expenditure In Lean and Obese Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some mathematical and technical issues in the measurement and interpretation of open-circuit indirect calorimetry in small animals

et al. 2006

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Indirect calorimetry is increasingly used to investigate why compounds or genetic manipulations affect body weight or composition in small animals. This review introduces the principles of indirect (primarily open-circuit) calorimetry and explains some common misunderstandings. It is not widely understood that in open-circuit systems in which carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is not removed from the air leaving the respiratory chamber, measurement of airflow out of the chamber and its oxygen (O 2 ) content paradoxically allows a more reliable estimate of energy expenditure (EE) than of O 2 consumption. If the CO 2 content of the exiting air is also measured, both O 2 consumption and CO 2 production, and hence respiratory quotient (RQ), can be calculated. Respiratory quotient coupled with nitrogen excretion allows the calculation of the relative combustion of the macronutrients only if measurements are over a period where interconversions of macronutrients that alter their pool sizes can be ignored. Changes in rates of O 2 consumption and CO 2 production are not instantly reflected in changes in the concentrations of O 2 and CO 2 in the air leaving the respiratory chamber. Consequently, unless air-flow is high and chamber size is small, or rates of change of O 2 and CO 2 concentrations are included in the calculations, maxima and minima are underestimated and will appear later than their real times. It is widely appreciated that bigger animals with more body tissue will expend more energy than smaller animals. A major issue is how to compare animals correcting for such differences in body size. Comparison of the EE or O 2 consumption per gram body weight of lean and obese animals is misleading because tissues vary in their energy requirements or in how they influence EE in other ways. Moreover, the contribution of fat to EE is lower than that of lean tissue. Use of metabolic mass for normalisation, based on interspecific scaling exponents (0.75 or 0.66), is similarly flawed. It is best to use analysis of covariance to determine the relationship of EE to body mass or fat-free mass within each group, and then test whether this relationship differs between groups.

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Resting energy expenditure-fat-free mass relationship: new insights provided by body composition modeling

Cited by 179 publications

References 28 publications

Testing Metabolic Theories

Testing Metabolic Theories

Longitudinal follow-up of nutritional status and its influencing factors in adults undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Some mathematical and technical issues in the measurement and interpretation of open-circuit indirect calorimetry in small animals

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