Resting energy expenditure can be assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in women regardless of age and fitness

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the possibility that measurement of the magnitude and distribution of fundamental somatic heatproducing units using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be used to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) in both young and elderly women with different aerobic fitness levels. Subjects and methods: Peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) and REE m were directly measured in 116 young (age: 22.3±2.1 years) and 72 elderly (63.3 ± 6.4 years) women. The subjects were divided into four groups according to categories of age and VO 2 peak; young: high fitness (YH, n ¼ 58); low fitness (YL, n ¼ 58); elderly: high fitness (EH, n ¼ 37) and low fitness (EL, n ¼ 35). Using DXA, systemic and regional body compositions were measured, and REE e was estimated from the sum of tissue organ weights multiplied by corresponding metabolic rate. Results: Although there were remarkable differences in systemic and regional body compositions, no significant differences were observed between REE m and REE e in the four groups. REE e significantly correlated with REE m in elderly as well as young women; the slopes and intercepts of the two regression lines were statistically not different between the elderly and young groups (elderly: y ¼ 0.60x þ 472, r ¼ 0.667; young: y ¼ 0.78x þ 250, r ¼ 0.798; Po0.001, respectively). A Bland-Altman analysis did not indicate bias in calculation of REE for all the subjects. Conclusion: These results suggest that REE can be estimated from tissue organ components in women regardless of age and aerobic fitness.

The Validity of Body Composition Measurement Using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for Estimating Resting Energy Expenditure

“…However, we demonstrated that estimation based on the four tissue organs by using DXA allows successful calculation of REE in female adults regardless of age and aerobic fitness levels. (Usui et al, 2009). Our findings suggested the possibility that REE is regulated mainly by the mass of the tissue organs with lower and higher metabolic rates, including skeletal muscle and intestinal organs, rather than a decline in the specific metabolic rate of different tissue organs associated with advancing age and decreasing aerobic fitness levels in young and elderly women.…”

“…REE = k 1 ×tissue organ mass 1 + k 2 ×tissue organ mass 2 + k 3 ×tissue organ mass 3 + ··· Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can easily and accurately assess the body composition, including bone mineral content (BMC), fat mass (FM), and lean soft tissue mass (LST) of the whole body and the segments (Mazes et al, 1990;Svendsen et al, 1991Svendsen et al, & 1993. In addition, recent studies support the use of DXA as a means of providing a "metabolic map" for exploring between individual or group differences in observed REE values (Hunter et al, 2001;Hayes et al, 2002;Usui et al, 2009). Specifically, the LST of the arms and legs, as provided by regional DXA estimates, represents primarily lowmetabolic rate skeletal muscle tissue.…”

“…The data used for the current analysis were collected from different 3 experimental studies that followed a similar methodology (Usui et al, 2009;Taguchi et al, 2011;Hasegawa et al, 2011). Total of 288 healthy women (216 young women; age: 21.8 ± 2.0 (18-29) years and 72 elderly women; age: 63.3 ± 6.4 (50-77) years) were recruited for the study.…”

“…In view of the finding of Hayes et al (2002), we improved the estimation model from the five component model to four component model (adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, bone, and residual tissue organs). It was also evaluated the possibility that measurement of the magnitude and distribution of fundamental somatic heat-producing units using DXA can be used to estimate REE in both young and elderly women with different aerobic fitness levels (Usui et al, 2009). We suggested that REE in adult women can be estimated from four tissue organ components by using DXA regardless of age and aerobic fitness levels.…”

Fat-Free Mass Can Be Utilized to Assess Resting Energy Expenditure for Male Athletes of Different Body Size

“…The body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing BW in kilograms by the square of Ht in meters (kg/m 2 ). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Hologic QDT-4500, DXA Scanner, Hologic Inc., Whaltham, MA, USA), a relatively easy and non-invasive technique ( 11 ), was used to measure bone mineral content (BMC) (g), lean soft tissue mass (g), and % body fat. FFM and fat mass (FM) were then calculated based on BW and % body fat.…”