Resting eggs in free living marine and estuarine copepods

Holm, Mark Wejlemann; Kiørboe, Thomas; Brun, Philipp; Licandro, Priscilla; Almeda, Rodrigo; Hansen, Benni Winding

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbx062

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…This phenomenon is identical with the recent report, where Holm et al. () revealed that copepod dormant eggs production is highly variable among individuals and populations. In addition, a diversity of diapausing eggs production has been well demonstrated in different populations of widely distributed calanoid copepods Eurytemora affinis and A. tonsa (Ban, ; Drillet, Goetze, Jepsen, Højgaard & Hansen, ; Drillet, Jepsen, Højgaard, Jørgensen & Hansen, ; Glippa, Alekseev & Souissi, ), and it is considered as a function of genetic differentiation or micro‐evolutionary divergence due to geographic isolation (Drillet, Jepsen, et al., ; Glippa et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Egg hatching rate and fatty acid composition of Acartia bilobata (Calanoida, Copepoda) across cold storage durations

et al. 2018

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To investigate egg storage capacity of the copepod Acartia bilobata for aquaculture interest, we tested hatching success rate (HSR) of inclusive eggs (mixture of all egg types) after 4°C storage. The HSR peaked after 14 days storage when incubating at 28°C for 48 hr (85.8 ± 1.6%) and 72 hr (87.6 ± 0.9%), then gradually declined until 1 year (48 hr: 7 ± 0.6%; 72 hr: 19.4 ± 3.9%). Reallocation of fatty acid profile suggests that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is correlated with the HSR of A. bilobata eggs. Additionally, we investigated the HSR of diapausing eggs (unhatched eggs after 72 hr incubation of the inclusive eggs) after 4°C storage. Their HSR peaked after 14 days storage (48 hr:75.3 ± 3.5%; 72 hr:78.2 ± 2.1%), then gradually declined until 60 days (48 hr HSR:42.1 ± 2.3%; 72 hr HSR:53.0 ± 3.2%). Overall, we illustrated the hatchability of diapausing and quiescent eggs of A. bilobata after 4°C storage. The cold storage capacities were low (<60% HSR after 60 days), and it could be limited by the egg DHA content. Our findings provide implications for future studies aiming to improve cold storage techniques of tropical copepod eggs for aquaculture applications. K E Y W O R D SAcartia bilobata, diapausing egg, egg cold storage, fatty acid, quiescent egg

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Egg hatching rate and fatty acid composition of Acartia bilobata (Calanoida, Copepoda) across cold storage durations

et al. 2018

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“…where they remain for months to years until hatching during favorable conditions (Holm et al, 2017). This "egg bank" enables species to adapt to seasonal variability, helps to smooth the effects of variable reproduction across years, and facilitates the coexistence of diverse species and genotypes (Hairston, 1996;Marcus et al, 1994).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular physiology of copepods - from biomarkers to transcriptomes and back again

Tarrant

Nilsson

Hansen

2019

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Pr

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Planktonic copepods are a diverse and abundant group of small (⁓mm sized) aquatic animals that play a critical role in linking the base of the food chain with higher trophic levels. These invertebrates are a primary food source for marine fish larvae. Their ubiquitous presence is thus of vital importance for recruitment of fish stocks and also as promising live feed for finfish production in aquaculture. This paper reviews the application of molecular approaches to understanding copepod physiology, particularly in non-parasitic species. The review includes both targeted gene approaches and untargeted transcriptomic approaches, with suggestions for best practices in each case. Issues particularly relevant to studies of copepods include heterogeneity within species, morphologically cryptic species, experimental artifacts associated with sample handling, and limited annotation of copepod genes and transcripts. The emergence of high-throughput sequencing and associated increased availability of genomic and transcriptomic databases has presented a huge opportunity to advance knowledge of copepod physiology. The research community can leverage this opportunity through efforts to maintain or improve data accessibility, database annotation, and documentation of analytical pipelines.

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“…Embryonic Dormancy-Copepod Resting Eggs Engel and Hirche (2004) reported at least 49 marine and estuarine species that produce resting eggs; however, a recent review by Holm et al (2018) revised this to 42 species by excluding anecdotal observations and including only welldocumented production of resting eggs. The embryonic diapause trait originated in the most ancient Calanoida during the Triassic or even Permian according to Alekseev and Starobogatov (1996).…”

Section: Copepods Exhibit Flexible Life Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copepod Embryonic Dormancy: “An Egg Is Not Just an Egg”

Hansen

2019

The Biological Bulletin

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Long-lasting embryonic dormancy in invertebrates defies our understanding of what constitutes life because, for example, eggs of some copepods can delay hatching for decades or even centuries. Copepods, often millimeter-sized crustaceans, are some of the most numerous multicellular organisms on earth and are key organisms in most aquatic food webs. Some important free-living marine and estuarine species overwinter or oversummer by arrested embryogenesis in dormancy. The present contribution discusses the complex mechanisms behind embryonic dormancy by compiling knowledge from the 42 calanoid copepods from the superfamily Centropagoidea with well-described embryonic dormancy, which has been of scientific interest for decades. However, the determination of categories of copepod resting eggs-that is, diapause and quiescence, transitions between categories, the mechanisms controlling arrested development by the embryos, and how they interact with their surroundings-is not fully understood. Moreover, a clear link between the presence of the free-swimming population and their resting eggs in sediments is still not convincingly demonstrated. Here I evaluate the relative significance of potential cues driving the production of and the phase shift between egg categories. Understanding the initiation and termination of embryonic dormancy is of great importance for fundamental science-that is, population and food web ecology as well as climate science, aquaculture live feed, and ballast water research. Molecular techniques are developing rapidly, especially within health sciences, thus providing relevant tools applicable for plankton research. Here I suggest that applying molecular methods in addition to traditional physiological approaches in future research will lead to greater understanding of copepod embryonic dormancy, one of nature's wonders.

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Resting eggs in free living marine and estuarine copepods

Cited by 40 publications

References 108 publications

Egg hatching rate and fatty acid composition of Acartia bilobata (Calanoida, Copepoda) across cold storage durations

Egg hatching rate and fatty acid composition of Acartia bilobata (Calanoida, Copepoda) across cold storage durations

Molecular physiology of copepods - from biomarkers to transcriptomes and back again

Copepod Embryonic Dormancy: “An Egg Is Not Just an Egg”

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