“…The findings are consistent with previous research, as they highlight the high degree of politization of Twitter discussions surrounding migration crises (Hadgu et al, 2016;Öztürk & Ayvaz, 2018;Vallo et al, 2020) and the prominent role played by media outlets and particularly political elites in shaping these discussions (Bartlett & Norrie, 2015;Ferra & Nguyen, 2017;Siapera et al, 2018). Indeed, they suggest that VOX effectively mobilized users to support their interests, ultimately contributing to the politization of the debate, in line with previous studies (Olmos-Alcaraz, 2022, 2023a, 2023b. Moreover, a humanitarian narrative was observed, focusing on migrant minors and Luna (Red Cross volunteer), and a negative narrative based on a threat perception, particularly an invasion, which also is coherent with previous literature (Gualda & Rebollo, 2016;Kreis, 2017;Siapera et al, 2018;Vallo et al, 2020).…”