Respuesta de variedades de maíz (Zea mays L.) a diferentes fuentes de fertilización en el Valle de Puebla.

Abstract

Respuesta de variedades de maíz (Zea maysL RESUMENActualmente existen opciones biológicamente sustentables que pueden sustituir parcialmente la fertilización sintética de los cultivos, disminuyendo los costos de producción. Para evaluar la respuesta de 18 variedades de maíz a la fertilización sintética (FQ), fertilización sintética más inoculante (FQB) y fertilización sintética más composta (FQC), en 2010 se establecieron dos experimentos en condiciones de temporal en el valle de Puebla, bajo un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo en parcelas divididas con tres repeticiones, a las parcelas grandes se les asignó el tipo de fertilización y en las parcelas chicas se integraron los genotipos de maíz. No se encontraron diferencias en rendimiento de grano y rastrojo por tipo de fertilización. Los resultados mostraron interacción de las variedades con los tipos de fertilización y localidad. En la interacción variedad por tipo de fertilización se encontró que el 55.6% de las variedades mostró mayores rendimientos con FQC, mientras que el 27.8% con FQB y el 16.7% con FQ. En San Andrés Calpan se obtuvieron los mayores rendimientos de rastrojo con FQC (8.8 Mg ha -1 ) mientras que en San Pedro Tlaltenango estos se obtuvieron con la FQB (15.3 Mg ha -1 ) y FQ (15.4 Mg ha -1 ). El empleo combinado de fertilizante sintético con inoculantes o composta mantiene e incrementa los rendimientos de grano y rastrojo al obtenido sólo con la fertilización sintética.Palabras clave: genotipos, Azospirillum, inoculante, composta. SUMMARYNowadays, there are biologically sustainable options that can partially replace synthetic fertilizers and reduce production costs. To test the response of 18 maize varieties to synthetic fertilization (FQ), synthetic fertilization plus inoculant (FQB) and synthetic fertilization plus compost (FQC), in 2010 two experiments were established in rainfed conditions in the Valley of Puebla, with a completely randomized design, under a split plots arrangement, with three replications. Type of fertilization was assigned to the main plot and maize genotypes were the split plot. No differences were found in grain and stover yield by type of fertilization. There was a strong interaction between varieties and type of fertilizer as well as between varieties and location in grain and stover yield. For the interaction between variety and type of fertilization, it was found that 56% of the varieties showed higher yields with FQC, in while 27.8% had higher yields with FQB and 16.7% yielded better with FQ. The highest stover yield was obtained in San Andrés Calpan with FQC (8.8 Mg ha -1 ), while in San Pedro Tlaltenango it was obtained with FQB (15.3 Mg ha ). The use of both synthetic fertilization and inoculant or compost maintains and increases maize grain and stover yield, compared with using only synthetic fertilizer.

Grain Yield of Maize Hybrids in Response to Inoculation with Azospirillum sp. under Nitrogen Limiting Conditions in Huaura, Peru

“…15 and 45 days after sowing, for the hybrid cultivars evaluated. This result is consistent with the findings of various authors (Galindo et al 2020;Schmidt & Gaudin, 2018;Alvarado et al 2018;Piscoya & Ugaz, 2016), which indicate an improvement in corn grain yield under the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum sp. The results obtained also seem to agree with other researchers (Zambonin et al 2019) regarding the little interaction of the inoculant effect of Azospirillum sp.…”

“…with maize genotypes or hybrids, although there could be certain interaction effects between both factors for some physiological attributes (Silva et al 2020), evidence also shown by Ferrerira et al (2020), who found that maize hybrids showed greater expressivity in yield components in the presence of A. brasilense applied in seed treatment. Likewise, Alvarado et al (2018), argue that the joint use of synthetic fertilizers with microbial inoculants increases grain yield in various varieties of hybrid corn, which shows evidence similar to that obtained in the research.…”

“…Likewise, they found that inoculation with A. brasilense did not interfere with grain yield and maize yield components. Alvarado et al (2018), mention that the joint use of synthetic fertilizers with microbial inoculants maintained or increased grain yields compared to those obtained with only synthetic fertilization in 18 varieties of corn. Munaretto et al (2019) found that foliar application of A. brasilense, either alone or combined with seed treatment, increased grain yield and yield components of wheat cultivars.…”

Respuesta del cultivo de maíz a la bio-inoculación y fertilización química reducida en campo

“…Aunque diversas son las variables relacionadas con la rentabilidad y competitividad de esta Poaceae, se requieren de ciertos factores ambientales y nutrimentales para su adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo (CIMMYT, 2016), los cuales a menudo no están en buen balance para que el productor tenga asegurada las características agronómicas y de calidad deseables, lo que hace necesario recurrir al manejo integral de fertilizantes químicos y orgánicos, complementados con inoculantes microbiológicos, para conseguir una respuesta más ef iciente al momento de la cosecha (Alvarado et al, 2018).…”

“…Although the variables related to feasibility and competitiveness of the Poaceae family are diverse, certain environmental and nutritional factors are required for its adequate growth and development (CIMMYT, 2016). These factors are not often in a good balance to assure the desirable quality and agronomic characteristics to the producers, which makes it necessary to turn to integral management of chemical and organic fertilizers, supplemented with microbiological inoculants to achieve a more eff icient response at harvest (Alvarado et al, 2018).…”