Responsiveness to muscle mass gain following 12 and 24 weeks of resistance training in older women

Nunes, João Pedro; Pina, Fábio Luiz Cheche; Ribeiro, Alex S.; Cunha, Paolo M.; Kassiano, Witalo; Costa, Bruna; Kunevaliki, Gabriel; Nascimento, Matheus Amarante do; Carneiro, Nelson Hilário; Venturini, Danielle; Barbosa, Domingos Sávio; Silva, Analiza M.; Mayhew, Jerry L.; Sardinha, Luís B.; Cyrino, Edílson Serpeloni

doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01587-z

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To this end, lifestyle therapy with resistance training is an attractive, low‐cost and potent intervention 9,10 . Unfortunately, the benefits of such interventions are not always consistent, especially in the older population, with selected individuals and populations showing impaired abilities to increase muscle strength and mass 11,12 . At present, this training‐response‐spectrum has an unknown causality, although it interdepends on factors such as genetics, 13,14 epigenetics, 14 and composites of the inner physiological milieu, including nutrition, 15,16 endocrine variables (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D₃supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults

Mølmen

Hammarström

Pedersen

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Lifestyle therapy with resistance training is a potent measure to counteract age‐related loss in muscle strength and mass. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to respond in the expected manner. This phenomenon is particularly common among older adults and those with chronic diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) and may involve endocrine variables such as vitamin D. At present, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on responses to resistance training remain largely unexplored. Methods Ninety‐five male and female participants (healthy, n = 71; COPD, n = 24; age 68 ± 5 years) were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D3 or placebo supplementation for 28 weeks in a double‐blinded manner (latitude 61°N, September–May). Seventy‐eight participants completed the RCT, which was initiated by 12 weeks of supplementation‐only (two weeks with 10 000 IU/day, followed by 2000 IU/day), followed by 13 weeks of combined supplementation (2000 IU/day) and supervised whole‐body resistance training (twice weekly), interspersed with testing and measurements. Outcome measures included multiple assessments of muscle strength (nvariables = 7), endurance performance (n = 6), and muscle mass (n = 3, legs, primary), as well as muscle quality (legs), muscle biology (m. vastus lateralis; muscle fibre characteristics, transcriptome), and health‐related variables (e.g. visceral fat mass and blood lipid profile). For main outcome domains such as muscle strength and muscle mass, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments. Results Overall, 13 weeks of resistance training increased muscle strength (13% ± 8%), muscle mass (9% ± 8%), and endurance performance (one‐legged, 23% ± 15%; whole‐body, 8% ± 7%), assessed as weighted combined factors, and were associated with changes in health variables (e.g. visceral fat, −6% ± 21%; [LDL]serum, −4% ± 14%) and muscle tissue characteristics such as fibre type proportions (e.g. IIX, −3% points), myonuclei per fibre (30% ± 65%), total RNA/rRNA abundances (15%/6–19%), and transcriptome profiles (e.g. 312 differentially expressed genes). Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect training‐associated changes for any of the main outcome domains, despite robust increases in [25(OH)D]serum (∆49% vs. placebo). No conditional effects were observed for COPD vs. healthy or pre‐RCT [25(OH)D]serum. In secondary analyses, vitamin D3 affected expression of gene sets involved in vascular functions in muscle tissue and strength gains in participants with high fat mass, which advocates further study. Conclusions Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect muscular responses to resistance training in older adults with or without COPD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D₃supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults

Mølmen

Hammarström

Pedersen

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Also, it will be able to verify whether these possible advantages are due to the greater volume or other mechanisms that might be triggered by the technique itself (e.g., greater metabolic stress, greater mechanical stress). Nonetheless, it is necessary to note that, first, adding groups to analyzes increases the unexplained variance in a statistic model and type II error, reducing the statistical power, then requiring larger samples per group, and second, these proposed approaches do not remove human-heterogenic responses to RT [21,22]. Finally, the arguments presented herein are not intended to invalidate the findings of studies already published.…”

Section: Suggestions For How We Can Get Better Answersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Are We Exploring the Potential Role of Specialized Techniques in Muscle Hypertrophy?

et al. 2021

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Specialized resistance training techniques (e.g., drop-set, rest-pause) are commonly used by well-trained subjects for maximizing muscle hypertrophy. Most of these techniques were designed to allow a greater training volume (i.e., total repetitions×load), due to the supposition that it elicits greater muscle mass gains. However, many studies that compared the traditional resistance training configuration with specialized techniques seek to equalize the volume between groups, making it difficult to determine the inherent hypertrophic potential of these advanced strategies, as well as, this equalization restricts part of the practical extrapolation on these findings. In this scenario, the objectives of this manuscript were 1) to present the nuance of the evidence that deals with the effectiveness of these specialized resistance training techniques and — primarily — to 2) propose possible ways to explore the hypertrophic potential of such strategies with greater ecological validity without losing the methodological rigor of controlling possible intervening variables; and thus, contributing to increasing the applicability of the findings and improving the effectiveness of hypertrophy-oriented resistance training programs.

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“…Consequently, is it possible to establish an optimal volume to maximize hypertrophy in this population? To the best of our knowledge, only one study attempted to answer directly whether training volume is important for the variability of response to ST in older people, despite the large body of studies on this topic (Nunes et al, 2021b ). Nunes et al ( 2021b ) verified that the non-responsiveness condition was not changed after the training volume increase.…”

Section: Volume: a Key Point?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, only one study attempted to answer directly whether training volume is important for the variability of response to ST in older people, despite the large body of studies on this topic (Nunes et al, 2021b ). Nunes et al ( 2021b ) verified that the non-responsiveness condition was not changed after the training volume increase. However, one should be cautious to make conclusions based on this evidence, since it is an analysis of retrospective data in which randomization was not specifically performed to provide a comparative analysis of training volume.…”

Section: Volume: a Key Point?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Training Volume to Increase Muscle Mass Responsiveness in Older Individuals: Weekly Sets Based Approach

2021

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Responsiveness to muscle mass gain following 12 and 24 weeks of resistance training in older women

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Vitamin D₃supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults

Vitamin D₃supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults

Are We Exploring the Potential Role of Specialized Techniques in Muscle Hypertrophy?

Strength Training Volume to Increase Muscle Mass Responsiveness in Older Individuals: Weekly Sets Based Approach

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Responsiveness to muscle mass gain following 12 and 24 weeks of resistance training in older women

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Vitamin D3supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults

Vitamin D3supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults

Are We Exploring the Potential Role of Specialized Techniques in Muscle Hypertrophy?

Strength Training Volume to Increase Muscle Mass Responsiveness in Older Individuals: Weekly Sets Based Approach

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Product

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Vitamin D₃supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults

Vitamin D₃supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults