Responsiveness of the Box and Block Test with Older Adults in Rehabilitation

Julien, Marjorie; D'Amours, Justine; Leduc, Marie-Pier; Côté, Annie-Claude; Rodier, Rachel Oziel; Demers, Louise; Desrosiers, Johanne

doi:10.1080/02703181.2017.1356897

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This might be partly explained by the use of Box and Block test (B&B) as one outcome measure. As the B&B measures unilateral gross manual dexterity [29], it may not be the most appropriate nor sensitive measure to detect specific changes to the finger and wrist tracking intervention. Another interesting finding from this systematic review was where studies measured balance, telerehabilitation was found to be not as effective as usual care.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of telerehabilitation in the management of adults with stroke: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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BackgroundStroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity and access to timely rehabilitation can reduce morbidity and help patients to return to normal life. Telerehabilitation can deliver rehabilitation services with the use of technology to increase patient options, deliver services more efficiently and overcome geographical barriers to healthcare access. Despite its popularity, there is conflicting evidence for its effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to update the current evidence base on the effectiveness of telerehabilitation for stroke.MethodsA systematic search of databases (Medline Ovid; Embase; Emcare; Scopus; The Cochrane Library; PEDro; OTSeeker) was conducted in April 2018 (updated in October 2018). This review was conducted and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and methodology registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018090445). A modified McMaster critical appraisal tool for quantitative studies was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, a descriptive synthesis was conducted.ResultsOut of 1868 studies, 13 randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. A diverse range of interventions were delivered through a variety of telerehabilitation systems and the effectiveness measured through a myriad of outcome measures. Summarised findings from the heterogeneous evidence base indicate that telerehabilitation may have a positive impact on a range of primary and secondary outcomes. However, despite these positive findings, the current evidence lacks clarity and uniformity in terms of intervention parameters and measurement of outcomes, which limits broader application of these results.DiscussionTelerehabilitation, as an alternate form of rehabilitation for people with stroke, shows potential. However, due to methodological and practical concerns, an unequivocal recommendation cannot be made. Findings from this review may inform future policies and practices regarding the use of telerehabilitation for stroke patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of telerehabilitation in the management of adults with stroke: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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“…Notably, this simple and easy test allows for the testing of upper limb function in stroke patients within only 10 min [ 20 ]. The BBT is used to evaluate upper-limb gross manual dexterity for frequent ADL [ 21 ]. The test requires the patient to move 150 blocks of 1 inch from one box to another, and the score is based on the number of blocks moved by each hand in one minute [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BBT is used to evaluate upper-limb gross manual dexterity for frequent ADL [ 21 ]. The test requires the patient to move 150 blocks of 1 inch from one box to another, and the score is based on the number of blocks moved by each hand in one minute [ 21 ]. The test–retest reliability is 0.99 for the left-hand and was 0.94 for the right-hand.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Task-Oriented Activities Training on Upper-Limb Function, Daily Activities, and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Alsubiheen

Choi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week task-oriented activities of daily living (T-ADL) training on upper limb functions, activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life (QoL) in chronic stroke patients. The 33 patients were randomly assigned to the T-ADL training or conventional occupational therapy (OT) group. The respective interventions were provided for 45-min a day, five times a week for eight weeks. To compare the upper-limb function before and after the intervention, the manual function test (MFT), box and block test (BBT), and grasp power test were performed; to compare the level of ADL performance, the modified-Barthel index (MBI) was measured. To evaluate QoL, stroke-specific QoL was measured. There was a significant group-by-time interaction in the affected side MFT score and both sides of BBT scores, but no significant interaction was found in the unaffected side MFT score, ADL, and QoL. Both groups showed a significant main effect of time in their ADL and QoL after the intervention (p < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that the eight-week T-ADL training has a positive effect on upper limb functions and gross manual dexterity, and both T-ADL training and conventional OT are effective in improving ADL and QoL in chronic stroke patients.

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“…The target population in this study was older adults in a nursing home and day-care center. Many of them had functional disabilities that led to sedentary lifestyles or even immobilization, resulting in complications such as joint contracture (Fischer et al, 2015), muscle atrophy (Resnick, 2000), and loss of manual dexterity (Julien et al, 2017). Therefore, the secondary outcomes were the range of motion (ROM) of the joints of the dominant upper limbs, biceps, and triceps brachii muscle strength and box and block test (BBT) scores.…”

Section: Baseline Screening and Outcome Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Virtual Reality–Based Rehabilitation in Sarcopenic Older Adults in Rural Health Care Facilities—A Quasi-Experimental Study

Chen¹,

Lin²,

Huang³

et al. 2021

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

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Because of a shortage of health care providers, providing rehabilitation in health care facilities is difficult. Virtual reality–based rehabilitation is effective in older populations. There are only a few studies among patients with sarcopenia. This is a quasi-experimental, single-group, pretest–posttest design evaluating the clinical effectiveness of virtual reality–based progressive resistance training among residents aged over 60 years with sarcopenia in rural care facilities. The authors used Oculus Rift with headsets to provide the virtual reality–based progressive resistance training. The authors administered the program twice per week, 30 min per session, for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were dominant handgrip strength, walking speed, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index. Data from 30 participants were analyzed. Significant improvements in handgrip strength and walking speed were observed. Although an increasing trend in appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was observed, it did not reach statistical significance. The authors concluded that the virtual reality–based progressive resistance training is partially effective in older sarcopenic adults in health care facilities.

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Responsiveness of the Box and Block Test with Older Adults in Rehabilitation

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Effectiveness of telerehabilitation in the management of adults with stroke: A systematic review

Effectiveness of telerehabilitation in the management of adults with stroke: A systematic review

The Effect of Task-Oriented Activities Training on Upper-Limb Function, Daily Activities, and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Using Virtual Reality–Based Rehabilitation in Sarcopenic Older Adults in Rural Health Care Facilities—A Quasi-Experimental Study

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