Background: Dyspareunia experienced by women diagnosed with endometriosis is associated with a decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Aim: We evaluated the relationship of clinically meaningful improvements in dyspareunia with HRQoL changes among women with endometriosis. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of pooled data from the phase III ELARIS-I and ELARIS-II clinical trials. Women aged 18e49 years with moderate to severe endometriosis-associated pain were randomized to placebo, elagolix 150 mg once daily, or elagolix 200 mg twice daily. HRQoL was measured using the validated Endometriosis Health Profile-30 questionnaire (EHP-30), consisting of 5 core domains and a sexual intercourse modular domain. Dyspareunia was ranked 0e3 (none, mild, moderate, or severe) or not applicable using a daily eDiary and averaged monthly. A woman with a clinically meaningful dyspareunia response (dyspareunia responder) was defined as a woman with a reduction from the baseline in dyspareunia score greater than or equal to a predetermined cutoff while maintaining stable/decreased analgesic use. Outcomes: Dyspareunia response impact on EHP-30 scores was determined at 3 and 6 months using multivariate linear regression controlling for age, baseline EHP-30 scores, and dysmenorrhea and non-menstrual pelvic pain symptom severity. Results: Analysis included 1,368 women with a mean age of 32.2 years. Dyspareunia responders had significant improvements vs non-responders in all adjusted mean EHP-30 domain scores at months 3 and 6 (control and powerlessness: À17.8 and À18.5; emotional well-being: À10.0 and À10.4; pain: À15.3 and À15.7; selfimage: À11.4 and À12.8; social support: À14.3 and À14.0; and sexual intercourse: À18.1 and À19.7; all P < .0001). Clinical Implications: Dyspareunia improvements are associated with both personal and psychological benefits. Strengths & Limitations: This study involved a large sample of women from a well-defined patient population to provide statistical power in evaluating the results. As such, the findings may not be generalizable in a real-world setting. Although the perception of dyspareunia and its severity and the associated effect on HRQoL was subjective, the use of a large patient sample was used to minimize potential issues with this limitation. Conclusion: Clinically meaningful responses in dyspareunia are associated with improvements across multiple HRQoL domains among women with endometriosis. Agarwal SK, Soliman AM, Pokrzywinski RM, et al.