Mercury ion (Hg2+) is an extremely hazardous
pollutant
to humans, soil, and aquatic life. Nanozyme-based sensing approaches
are promising for detecting toxic heavy metal ions. However, applying
noble metal nanozymes in developing affordable and portable sensors
remains largely unexplored. Herein, a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based
colorimetric sensor was established for the ultra-trace detection
of Hg2+ by capitalizing the inherent peroxidase-mimetic
features of AuNPs for oxidizing the colorimetric indicator 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine
(TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). AuNPs of size less than 10 nm were directly prepared in aqueous
media using a stimuli-responsive, poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether
methacrylate)-b-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
(p(PEGEMA)-b-p(DMAEMA)) block copolymer, synthesized
through RAFT polymerization. The block copolymers efficiently interacted
with Au3+ ions toward the formation of stable, monodispersed
AuNPs without additional reducing agents or stabilizers. Using TMB,
H2O2, and the AuNP colorimetric system, the
concentration of Hg2+ in aqueous media was quantitatively
and selectively detected over those of other common interfering metal
ions. The selective detection of Hg2+ was promoted by the
Au-Hg amalgamation process, which is correlated with intensity of
the colorimetric response. Colorimetrically, Hg2+ was linearly
measured between 10 nM and 3.5 μM and achieved a detection limit
of 0.4 nM. Subsequently, an on-field naked-eye sensing strategy was
also developed by integrating the colorimetric sensor on a paper analytical
device with a detection limit of 3.5 nM. The efficient colorimetric
sensing platform for selective and trace detection of Hg2+ is promising for determining mercury contamination in different
water and biological samples.