Responses to predation risk cues and alarm pheromones affect plant virus transmission by an aphid vector

Lee, Benjamin W; Basu, Saumik; Bera, Sayanta; Casteel, Clare L.; Crowder, David W.

doi:10.1007/s00442-021-04989-6

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Our data provides evidence of a novel function associated with the 6K1 protein i.e., inhibition of JA biosynthesis transcripts (Figure 2). It is well established that phytohormones mediate many different components of plant-virus-insect interactions and may regulate virus transmission [40,[63][64][65][66][67][68]. Inhibition of JA in the presence of 6K1 protein may indicate a possible role of 6K1 in mediating ecological interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potyviral Protein 6K1 Reduces Plant Proteases Activity during Turnip mosaic virus Infection

Bera

Arena

Ray

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Potyviral genomes encode just 11 major proteins and multifunctionality is associated with most of these proteins at different stages of the virus infection cycle. Some potyviral proteins modulate phytohormones and protein degradation pathways and have either pro- or anti-viral/insect vector functions. Our previous work demonstrated that the potyviral protein 6K1 has an antagonistic effect on vectors when expressed transiently in host plants, suggesting plant defenses are regulated. However, to our knowledge the mechanisms of how 6K1 alters plant defenses and how 6K1 functions are regulated are still limited. Here we show that the 6K1 from Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) reduces the abundance of transcripts related to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and cysteine protease inhibitors when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana relative to controls. 6K1 stability increased when cysteine protease activity was inhibited chemically, showing a mechanism to the rapid turnover of 6K1 when expressed in trans. Using RNAseq, qRT-PCR, and enzymatic assays, we demonstrate TuMV reprograms plant protein degradation pathways on the transcriptional level and increases 6K1 stability at later stages in the infection process. Moreover, we show 6K1 decreases plant protease activity in infected plants and increases TuMV accumulation in systemic leaves compared to controls. These results suggest 6K1 has a pro-viral function in addition to the anti-insect vector function we observed previously. Although the host targets of 6K1 and the impacts of 6K1-induced changes in protease activity on insect vectors are still unknown, this study enhances our understanding of the complex interactions occurring between plants, potyviruses, and vectors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potyviral Protein 6K1 Reduces Plant Proteases Activity during Turnip mosaic virus Infection

Bera

Arena

Ray

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Its sucking activity can result in yield losses and even the death of the whole plant (Völkl and Stechmann, 1998). A. pisum causes similar damage on pea and faba bean, through both direct feeding damage and the transmission of mosaic viruses (Nuessly et al, 2004), such as cucumovirus in snap bean (Nault et al, 2004), broad bean wilt virus (Ferriol et al, 2013) or pea enation mosaic virus (Lee et al, 2021). It can affect all stages of the crop (Stoddard et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flower strips, crop management and landscape composition effects on two aphid species and their natural enemies in faba bean

Serée¹,

Chiron²,

Valantin‐Morison³

et al. 2022

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…Potato virus Y is transmitted by at least 66 species of aphids; hence, we hypothesized that increasing crop diversity will positively influence aphid species richness and thereby PVY prevalence. In there is theoretical and empirical evidence that predator/parasitoidavoidance behaviours lead to increased virus transmission (Hodge et al, 2011;Finke, 2012;Lee et al, 2021), and this is thought to be via means of increased vector-host encounter rates (Crowder et al, 2019). However, we are not aware of any studies examining the influence of these non-consumptive effects on virus transmission by vectors in large-scale field settings, and we did not directly measure aphid movement, natural enemy populations or rates of predation/parasitism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscapes with higher crop diversity have lower aphid species richness but higher plant virus prevalence

Pitt,

Kairy,

Mora

et al. 2024

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Diversifying agricultural systems by growing more than one crop species in an area can decrease pest and disease pressure and increase crop yields. However, there is a lack of information on how crop diversity at larger spatial scales influences pest and disease pressure. Here, we investigated how landscape‐scale crop diversity affects aphid vector communities and prevalence of non‐persistently transmitted potato virus Y (PVY). To test the influence of landscape‐scale crop diversity on PVY prevalence and aphid communities, we conducted a field study during the 2020 and 2021 field seasons in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, where we quantified aphid communities and PVY incidence at multiple sites. We then determined the association between aphid species richness and abundance and PVY incidence with landscape variables (crop diversity metrics and percentage cover of crop species) within 1, 2 and 3 km buffers from study sites. Higher crop diversity (measured as Shannon Diversity Index) led to decreased aphid species richness at a 3 km buffer in the 2021 field season. We only detected a positive association between percentage of alfalfa crop cover and aphid species richness in 2020 and aphid abundance in 2021 within a 1 km buffer. Higher crop diversity led to increased PVY incidence at a 2 km buffer in 2021 and 3 km buffer in 2020 and 2021. At a 3 km buffer in 2021, we found a positive influence of crop species richness on PVY incidence and a negative influence of crop species evenness on PVY incidence. Also in 2021, we found a positive influence of percentage of potato (virus host) on PVY incidence and a negative influence of percentage of barley (virus non‐host) on PVY incidence. Synthesis and applications. In summary, we found that landscape‐scale crop diversity impacts plant virus prevalence at spatial scales of >1 km. This suggests that potato growers could reduce PVY prevalence by geographically isolating potato fields from other potato or other PVY hosts. Crop diversity had a negative influence on aphid vector communities, so growers could reduce risk of virus spread by aphid vectors by using certified potato seed in a diversified landscape.

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Responses to predation risk cues and alarm pheromones affect plant virus transmission by an aphid vector

Cited by 9 publications

References 69 publications

The Potyviral Protein 6K1 Reduces Plant Proteases Activity during Turnip mosaic virus Infection

The Potyviral Protein 6K1 Reduces Plant Proteases Activity during Turnip mosaic virus Infection

Flower strips, crop management and landscape composition effects on two aphid species and their natural enemies in faba bean

Landscapes with higher crop diversity have lower aphid species richness but higher plant virus prevalence

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