Responses to mild cold stress are predicted by different individual characteristics in young and older subjects

DeGroot, David W.; Havenith, George; Kenney, W. Larry

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00717.2006

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…From this, we conclude that in the obese subjects the core was better insulated proximally, due to the insulative properties from the body fat (21,22). Because heat loss is prevented in obese subjects, no articles integrative Physiology increase in EE is needed in response to mild cold exposure.…”

Section: Plasma and Urine Testsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Cold‐Induced Adaptive Thermogenesis in Lean and Obese

Wijers

Saris

Lichtenbelt

2010

Obesity

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On entering a cold environment, people react by increasing insulation and energy expenditure (EE). However, large interindividual differences exist in the relative contribution of each mechanism. Short‐term studies revealed that obese subjects increase EE (i.e., adaptive thermogenesis) less than lean subjects, which might have implications for the predisposition to obesity. In this study, we validate the differences in adaptive thermogenesis between lean and obese upon midterm mild cold exposure. Therefore, 10 lean and 10 obese subjects were exposed for 48 h to mild cold (16 °C) in a respiration chamber. The preceding 36 h they stayed in the same chamber at a neutral temperature (22 °C) for the baseline measurements. EE, physical activity, skin temperature, and core temperature have been measured for the last 24 h of both parts. Mean daytime EE increased significantly in the lean subjects (P < 0.01), but not in the obese. Physical activity decreased significantly in the lean (P < 0.01) and the obese (P < 0.001) subjects. The change in EE was related to the change in physical activity in both groups (respectively R2 = 0.673, P < 0.01 and R2 = 0.454, P < 0.05). Upon mild cold exposure, lean subjects decreased proximal skin temperature less, but distal skin temperature more than obese. In conclusion, the interindividual differences in cold‐induced thermogenesis were related to changes in physical activity in both lean and obese, pointing at the existence of individual variation in physical activity to compensate for cold‐induced thermogenesis. Furthermore, although a large part of the lean subjects counteracted the cold by increasing EE, most obese subjects changed temperature distribution, and therefore, increased insulation.

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Section: Plasma and Urine Testsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Cold‐Induced Adaptive Thermogenesis in Lean and Obese

Wijers

Saris

Lichtenbelt

2010

Obesity

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“…2), although elderly individuals also reported a lower discomfort under warm conditions. Therefore, in addition to differences in clothing, the general decrease of dissatisfaction with age can be related to a lower sensitivity to temperature variations of older people, as mentioned by some authors (Parsons 1993;Frank et al 2000;DeGroot et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Perception of temperature and wind by users of public outdoor spaces: relationships with weather parameters and personal characteristics

2010

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We aim to understand the relationship between people's declared bioclimatic comfort, their personal characteristics (age, origin, clothing, activity and motivation, etc.) and the atmospheric conditions. To attain this goal, questionnaire surveys were made concurrently with weather measurements (air temperature, relative humidity, solar and long-wave radiation and wind speed) in two open leisure areas of Lisbon (Portugal), during the years 2006 and 2007. We analysed the desire expressed by the interviewees to decrease, maintain or increase the values of air temperature and wind speed, in order to improve their level of comfort. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the quantitative relation between preference votes and environmental and personal parameters. The preference for a different temperature depends on the season and is strongly associated with wind speed. Furthermore, a general decrease of discomfort with increasing age was also found. Most people declared a preference for lower wind speed in all seasons; the perception of wind shows significant differences depending on gender, with women declaring a lower level of comfort with higher wind speed. It was also found that the tolerance of warmer conditions is higher than of cooler conditions, and that adaptive strategies are undertaken by people to improve their level of comfort outdoors.

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“…old-induced thermogenesis (CIT) can account for approximately 10% increase in energy expenditure (EE) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5), and its interindividual variability in humans is substantial (1,6,7). The demonstration of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adults has prompted active research on this tissue as a target for obesity and diabetes treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown Fat Activation Mediates Cold-Induced Thermogenesis in Adult Humans in Response to a Mild Decrease in Ambient Temperature

Chen¹,

Brychta²,

Linderman³

et al. 2013

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

147

125

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Context:The contribution of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to the energy balance in humans exposed to sustainable cold has not been completely established, partially because of measurement limitations of both BAT activity and energy expenditure (EE). Objective:The objective of the study was to characterize the role of BAT activation in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT). Design:This study was a single-blind, randomized crossover intervention. Setting:The study was conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.Study Participants: Thirty-one healthy volunteers participated in the study. Interventions:The intervention included mild cold exposure.Main Outcomes: CIT and BAT activation were the main outcomes in this study. Methods:Overnight EE measurement by whole-room indirect calorimeter at 24°C or 19°C was followed by 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) scan. After 36 hours, volunteers crossed over to the alternate study temperature under identical conditions. BAT activity was measured in a 3-dimensional region of interest in the upper torso by comparing the uptake at the two temperatures.Results: Twenty-four volunteers (14 males, 10 females) had a complete data set. When compared with 24°C, exposure at 19°C resulted in increased EE (5.3 Ϯ 5.9%, P Ͻ .001), indicating CIT response and mean BAT activity (10.5 Ϯ 11.1%, P Ͻ .001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that a difference in BAT activity (P Ͻ .001), age (P ϭ .01), and gender (P ϭ .037) were independent contributors to individual variability of CIT. Conclusions:A small reduction in ambient temperature, within the range of climate-controlled buildings, is sufficient to increase human BAT activity, which correlates with individual CIT response. This study uncovers for the first time a spectrum of BAT activation among healthy adults during mild cold exposure not previously recognized by conventional PET and PET-computed tomography methods. The enhancement of cold-induced BAT stimulation may represent a novel environmental strategy in obesity treatment. J C E M O N L I N E B r i e f R e p o r t -E n d o c r i n e R e s e a r c h

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Responses to mild cold stress are predicted by different individual characteristics in young and older subjects

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

Cold‐Induced Adaptive Thermogenesis in Lean and Obese

Cold‐Induced Adaptive Thermogenesis in Lean and Obese

Perception of temperature and wind by users of public outdoor spaces: relationships with weather parameters and personal characteristics

Brown Fat Activation Mediates Cold-Induced Thermogenesis in Adult Humans in Response to a Mild Decrease in Ambient Temperature

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