Responses to low dose intravenous perindoprilat infusion in salt deplete/salt replete normotensive volunteers.

Rj, MacFadyen; Lees, KR; Reid, JL

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04362.x

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…After screening titles and abstracts, we selected 462 publications for full text review, of which 329 were excluded for the reasons summarised in figure 1. One hundred and thirty three studies27282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

Huang

Trieu

Yoshimura

et al. 2020

BMJ

245

224

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ObjectiveTo examine the dose-response relation between reduction in dietary sodium and blood pressure change and to explore the impact of intervention duration.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE(R), EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley) and reference lists of relevant articles up to 21 January 2019.Inclusion criteriaRandomised trials comparing different levels of sodium intake undertaken among adult populations with estimates of intake made using 24 hour urinary sodium excretion.Data extraction and analysisTwo of three reviewers screened the records independently for eligibility. One reviewer extracted all data and the other two reviewed the data for accuracy. Reviewers performed random effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression.Results133 studies with 12 197 participants were included. The mean reductions (reduced sodium v usual sodium) of 24 hour urinary sodium, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 130 mmol (95% confidence interval 115 to 145, P<0.001), 4.26 mm Hg (3.62 to 4.89, P<0.001), and 2.07 mm Hg (1.67 to 2.48, P<0.001), respectively. Each 50 mmol reduction in 24 hour sodium excretion was associated with a 1.10 mm Hg (0.66 to 1.54; P<0.001) reduction in SBP and a 0.33 mm Hg (0.04 to 0.63; P=0.03) reduction in DBP. Reductions in blood pressure were observed in diverse population subsets examined, including hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals. For the same reduction in 24 hour urinary sodium there was greater SBP reduction in older people, non-white populations, and those with higher baseline SBP levels. In trials of less than 15 days’ duration, each 50 mmol reduction in 24 hour urinary sodium excretion was associated with a 1.05 mm Hg (0.40 to 1.70; P=0.002) SBP fall, less than half the effect observed in studies of longer duration (2.13 mm Hg; 0.85 to 3.40; P=0.002). Otherwise, there was no association between trial duration and SBP reduction.ConclusionsThe magnitude of blood pressure lowering achieved with sodium reduction showed a dose-response relation and was greater for older populations, non-white populations, and those with higher blood pressure. Short term studies underestimate the effect of sodium reduction on blood pressure.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42019140812.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

Huang

Trieu

Yoshimura

et al. 2020

BMJ

245

224

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Hypertension can be caused or exacerbated by an increase in the intake of salt, in individuals with SS [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 29 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. However, about 11% of individuals have increased BP when the intake of salt is very low (<1.2–3 g/day) [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 47 , 84 , 85 ]. In one recent long-term study (median 16 years, IQR 12–17 years [ 26 ]) individuals with ISS had a 15-fold increase of end-organ damage and mortality compared with individuals with SR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure Is Associated with an Increased Renin-Angiotensin System Activity

Gildea

Schiermeyer

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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High and low sodium diets are associated with increased blood pressure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The paradoxical response of elevated BP in low salt diets, aka inverse salt sensitivity (ISS), is an understudied vulnerable 11% of the adult population with yet undiscovered etiology. A linear relationship between the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2, rs6276 and 6277), and the sodium myo-inositol cotransporter 2 (SLC5A11, rs11074656), as well as decreased expression of these two genes in urine-derived renal proximal tubule cells (uRPTCs) isolated from clinical study participants suggest involvement of these cells in ISS. Insight into this newly discovered paradoxical response to sodium is found by incubating cells in low sodium (LS) conditions that unveil cell physiologic differences that are then reversed by mir-485-5p miRNA blocker transfection and bypassing the genetic defect by DRD2 re-expression. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important counter-regulatory mechanism to prevent hyponatremia under LS conditions. Oversensitive RAS under LS conditions could partially explain the increased mortality in ISS. Angiotensin-II (AngII, 10 nmol/L) increased sodium transport in uRPTCs to a greater extent in individuals with ISS than SR. Downstream signaling of AngII is verified by identifying lowered expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), and manganese-dependent mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) only in ISS-derived uRPTCs and not SR-derived uRPTCs when incubated in LS conditions. We conclude that DRD2 and SLC5A11 variants in ISS may cause an increased low sodium sensitivity to AngII and renal sodium reabsorption which can contribute to inverse salt-sensitive hypertension.

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Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride

Graudal

Hubeck-Graudal

Jürgens

2011

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

202

235

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Responses to low dose intravenous perindoprilat infusion in salt deplete/salt replete normotensive volunteers.

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

Inverse Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure Is Associated with an Increased Renin-Angiotensin System Activity

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride

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