Responses to Flooding in Weeds from River Areas

Blom, C.W.P.M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-402960-6.50011-1

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The behaviour of plants from coastal tidal areas has been extensively reported (e.g. Beeftink, 1975;Barnes, 1977;Jefferies and Davy, 1979;Blom, 1983;Ernst, 1985;Huiskes et al, 1985Huiskes et al, , 1987Rozema et al, 1985;Van Dig gelen, 1988 ), while the effects of regular floods on plants have been described by, for example, Etherington ( 1983), Kozlowski ( 1984), Crawford ( 1987), Blom ( 1990), Davy et al ( 1990), Ernst ( 1990) and Jackson ( 1990). This paper reports on vegetation zonation owing to variations in the hydrological characteristics of river areas and on flooding responses with adaptive value in plants occupying low-to high-situated habitats in river areas in The Netherlands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The severity of the flooding can range from water logging of the soil to submergence of the whole plant. While the responses of plants in waterlogged soils may differ from those of plants facing submer gence, both conditions greatly influence the physiology, morphology and pop ulation biology of the plants (van der Sman et al, 1988;Blom, 1990;Laan, 1990;Voesenek, 1990). As many river forelands are characterized by differ ences in elevation and thus to the extent to which they are inundated, plant zonation caused by these differences can often be distinguished.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptations to flooding in plants from river areas

et al. 1990

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Blom, C.W.P.M., Bögemann, G.M., Laan, P., van der Sman, A.J.M., van Flooding frequencies and intensities determine both species composition and the behaviour of in dividual plants along many rivers in the world. In this context, this paper describes the vegetation zonation associated with the fluctuating water levels of the river Rhine in the eastern part of The Netherlands. To obtain insight into the morphological and physiological processes of plants that have been shown to possess contrasting tolerances to Hooding, certain species were chosen as being repre sentative of the vegetation types from the river foreland and subsequently used in experimental stud ies. These species, of the genera Rume.x and Chenopodium, were subjected to various flooding regimes

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations to flooding in plants from river areas

et al. 1990

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“…The two-fold greater shoot elongation rate observed in marsh versus upland ecotypes (Fenster, 1997) may be associated with increased seed mass and cotyledon size which provide greater carbohydrate reserves and is observed across many species (Houghton et al, 2013). Photosynthetic carbon gain can be significantly reduced following submergence (Ridge, 1987) and many flood-tolerant species respond to flooding with shoot elongation (Aston and Bradshaw, 1966;Blom, 1990;Laan and Blom, 1990). Thus both large seed mass and increased allocation to vegetative structures in the marsh ecotype are likely evolutionary adaptations to minimize shoot submergence in the flooded marsh habitat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adaptations that allow a plant to thrive under flooded conditions may also confer lower fitness in non-flooded environments. For example, roots adapted to flooding are often easily desiccated in dry conditions due to increased porosity (Laan et al, 1989;Blom, 1990). Growth patterns that are adaptive in flooded areas, such as increased shoot growth, may be selected against in drier habitat where other factors limit growth (Touchette et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allocation patterns contribute to the distributional limits of a flood tolerant ecotype of Chamaecrista fasciculata

2016

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To determine factors limiting the distribution of two ecotypes of the annual legume Chamaecrista fasciculata along an abrupt flooding gradient, we quantified the relative importance of tolerance, intra-specific competition, and allocation patterns to vegetative and reproductive functions and their genetic basis. The ecotypes grow in dry upland and freshwater tidal marsh habitat, respectively. Intolerance to flooding limited the upland ecotype from the marsh site, whereas the marsh ecotype had high survival in the upland site. Competition experiments revealed no competitive hierarchy between the two ecotypes under upland conditions. However, the upland ecotype allocated double the proportion of total above ground biomass to reproductive structures compared to the marsh ecotype. In addition, the marsh ecotype produced larger but fewer seeds per fruit than upland ecotype plants. These allocation patterns resulted in the upland ecotype having much greater seed production in the upland habitat. Using a crossing experiment, we quantified the genetic correlation between seed mass and seed number. A negative genetic correlation between seed mass and seed number, as well as a positive genetic correlation with seed mass and shoot elongation of flooded plants suggests that the trade-off in allocation patterns between these two components of reproductive output represents a pleiotropic genetic constraint associated with adaptation to a flooded environment. Thus resource allocation patterns leading to striking trade-offs between above ground vegetative and reproductive allocation appear to limit the marsh ecotype from invading upland habitat.

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Physiological Ecology of Riverside Species: Adaptive Responses of Plants to Submergence

Blom

1994

Annals of Botany

149

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In river floodplains, variation in flooding conditions results in successional stages in colonization ranging from annual pioneers to long-lived perennials. Reactions to submergence of species from the mid-successional zone are compared with adaptive responses of species from other zones. Presence and abundance are related to elevation and can be explained by characteristics of biomass production, and recovery in response to various submergence intensities.Rume.x species, from early to late successional stages, serve as models to elucidate, in more detail, mechanisms of adaptation. Flooding-resistant species develop large numbers of adventitious roots upon submergence and exposure to low oxygen conditions. Due to internal oxygen transport through aerenchyma, soil around these roots is re oxidized, which stimulates bacterial nitrification. Ethylene and auxin promote adventitious rooting. Increased petiole elongation is also an adaptive feature of submergence-resistant Rume.x species. Differences between species in submergence-induced growth are not only controlled by variation in endogenous levels of ethylene but also by different sensitivities to this hormone. Auxin does not affect Rume.x petiole elongation, but a clear positive effect of gibberellin is demonstrated. Apparently, submergence induces a higher sensitivity to gibberellin and ethylene in the petioles of flooding-resistant Rume.x. Many of the submergence reactions can also be induced by restricting the oxygen supply, suggesting that low-oxygen might be a triggering factor. The Rume.x species we study represent various distinct communities. Thus, the ecophysiological phenomena observed in these model plants may explain processes and patterns in other species too and thus are interpretable at the riverside community level.

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Responses to Flooding in Weeds from River Areas

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Adaptations to flooding in plants from river areas

Adaptations to flooding in plants from river areas

Allocation patterns contribute to the distributional limits of a flood tolerant ecotype of Chamaecrista fasciculata

Physiological Ecology of Riverside Species: Adaptive Responses of Plants to Submergence

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