Responses to an intra-articular lipopolysaccharide challenge following dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in young horses

Abstract

Dietary intervention may be a valuable strategy to optimize the intra-articular environment in young horses to prolong their performance career. To test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product would reduce markers of joint inflammation and increase markers of cartilage metabolism following a single inflammatory insult, Quarter Horse yearlings (mean ± SD; 9 ± 1.0 mo) were balanced by age, sex, body weight (BW), and farm of origin and randomly assigned to: 1.25% BW/d (dry matter basis) custom-formulated concentrate only (CON; n = 9) or concentrate top dressed with 21 g/d Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; n = 10) for 98 d. Horses had ad libitum access to Coastal bermudagrass hay. On d 84, one randomly selected radial carpal joint from each horse was injected with 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide solution (LPS). The remaining carpal joint was injected with sterile lactated Ringer’s solution as a contralateral control. Synovial fluid obtained before supplementation (d 0) and on d 84 at pre-injection h 0, and 6, 12, 24, 168, and 336 h post-injection was analyzed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), carboxypeptide of type II collagen (CPII), and collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C) by commercial assays. Rectal temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, carpal surface temperature, and carpal circumference (CC) were recorded prior to each sample collection and for 24 h post-injection. Data were analyzed using linear models with repeated measures. From d 0 to 84, synovial C2C declined (P ≤ 0.01) and the CPII:C2C ratio increased (P ≤ 0.01) in all horses with no effect of diet. In response to intra-articular LPS, synovial PGE2 increased by h 6 (P ≤ 0.01) and returned to baseline by h 336, CPII increased by h 12, remained elevated through h 168 (P ≤ 0.01), and returned to baseline by h 336, and C2C increased by h 6 (P ≤ 0.01) but did not return to baseline through h 336 (P ≤ 0.01). Post-intra-articular injection, PGE2 levels were lower in SCFP than CON horses (P = 0.01) regardless of injection type. Synovial CPII and the CPII:C2C ratio demonstrated stability during the LPS challenge in SCFP compared to CON horses (P ≤ 0.01). Clinical parameters were not influenced by diet but increased in response to repeated arthrocentesis (P ≤ 0.01). Dietary SCFP may favorably modulate intra-articular inflammation following an acute stressor and influence cartilage turnover in young horses.

Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product (Olimond BB) Does Not Alter the Fecal Microbiota of Thoroughbred Racehorses

“…Ponies fed for 8 weeks with an SCFP product displayed a more rapid decrease in cortisol levels after exercise and little or no exercise-increased serum amyloid A or cytokine levels [ 17 ]. The SCFP feeding of young horses for 84 days resulted in lower prostaglandin E2 levels in the synovium after LPS injection into the carpal joint [ 18 ]. Previously, we reported that feeding SCFP to racehorses altered the circulation behavior of blood leukocyte subpopulations after an influenza booster [ 19 ].…”

Functional infrared thermography imaging can be used to assess the effectiveness of Maxicam Gel® in pre-emptively treating transient synovitis and lameness in horses

“…Variations in RR values were probably related to the time of day of the collection. HR, RR, and RT increases could be related to the release of inflammatory mediators due to LPS injection or pain ( 39 , 43 , 45 , 46 ). However, these parameters alone are non-specific for determining the presence and severity of pain and can be influenced by external factors ( 47 , 48 ).…”

The Role of Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Supporting Gut Health in Horses: An Updated Review on Its Effects on Digestibility and Intestinal and Fecal Microbiota

“…In monogastric animals and ruminants, as well as chickens, SCFPs were able to produce a direct interaction of pre- and postbiotic ingredients with local gut epithelial [ 90 , 91 ] and immune cells [ 92 ], modulating both systemic and mucosal immune responses [ 93 ]. Preliminary information on dietary SCFPs in horses evidenced a stress-mitigating effect when young horses were subjected to prolonged exercise [ 94 , 95 ]; this is an additional main point of interest to be further elucidated, with respect to how SCPF-mediated pathways can affect and regulate inflammatory responses in horses.…”