Abstract:Background: The visual forms of individual trees in peri-urban forests are driven by a complex array of simultaneous cause-and-effect relationships. Materials and Methods: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), as a specialized analytical technique, was used to model and understand the complex interactions. It was applied to find out responses of visual forms to neighboring competition in a peri-urban forest dominated by Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea Engl. in Beijing, China. Research Highlights: Light intercepti… Show more
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