Responses of two temperate sponge species to ocean acidification

Bates, Tracey; Bell, James J.

doi:10.1080/00288330.2017.1369132

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…While they can excrete inedible detritus (Wolfrath & Barthel 1989, Yahel et al 2007, too much of it can be detrimental (reviewed by Bell et al 2015). Sponges are sensitive to minute changes in water quality and respond to changes in seasonal characteristics of the water column (Reiswig 1971), food availability (Reis wig 1975, Kahn et al 2012, ocean acidification (Bates & Bell 2018) and suspended sediments (Gerro dette & Flechsig 1979, Carballo 2006, Tompkins-MacDonald & Leys 2008. Sediments may smother and clog a sponge (Airoldi 2003, Tompkins-MacDonald & Leys 2008, Strehlow et al 2017, and smaller grain sizes can fit through the incurrent pores on the sponge surface (< 20 µm) (Kilian 1952, Reiswig 1974 potentially damaging their aquiferous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of suspended sediments on the pumping rates of three species of glass sponge in situ

Grant¹,

Matveev²,

Kahn³

et al. 2019

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The largest known glass sponge reefs in Canada are within the Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs Marine Protected Area (HSQCS-MPA) in British Columbia. However, human activities outside the core MPA boundaries, such as trawling, can create plumes of suspended sediments capable of travelling large distances. We studied the response of 3 glass sponge species to changes in suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) at 170 m depth inside the HSQCS-MPA. Two species reduced excurrent flow rate in response to natural and experimentally induced increases in suspended sediment. Background suspended sediment levels were low and showed little variation (2.71 ± 0.09 mg l −1 , mean ± SD). Species varied in the threshold of SSCs that triggered arrests. Sediment concentrations of 2.8− 6.4 mg l −1 caused arrests in Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni, while Heterochone calyx did not arrest until concentrations reached 5−10 mg l −1. Very small, but prolonged increases of suspended sediments (<1 mg l −1 for R. dawsoni and 3.2 mg l −1 for H. calyx) caused arrests of several hours in R. dawsoni and prolonged periods of reduced flow in H. calyx. No arrests were observed in Farrea occa, even after repeated exposures up to 57 mg l −1. A sediment transport model showed that sediment concentrations can remain high enough to affect sponge behaviour as far as 2.39 km from the source of the plume. The results highlight the importance of understanding the biology of different species for establishment of adequate boundaries in MPAs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of suspended sediments on the pumping rates of three species of glass sponge in situ

Grant¹,

Matveev²,

Kahn³

et al. 2019

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…However, the dissolved silica from the spicule mats formed by the sponges might be enough to build their new skeletal material (Chu et al, 2011;Maldonado et al, 2017Maldonado et al, , 2019. The very few studies on the impacts of OA in calcareous sponges, mainly included shallow water species and short-term responses (Goodwin et al, 2014;Morrow et al, 2015;Bates and Bell, 2018;Bell et al, 2018). Despite the high tolerance to OA reported (Goodwin et al, 2014;Morrow et al, 2015), species-specific differences were found (Bell et al, 2018) resulting in negative impacts on some sponges such as, mortality, tissue degradation (Bates and Bell, 2018) or changes in the associated microbial community (Bell et al, 2018).…”

Section: Carbonate Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The very few studies on the impacts of OA in calcareous sponges, mainly included shallow water species and short-term responses (Goodwin et al, 2014;Morrow et al, 2015;Bates and Bell, 2018;Bell et al, 2018). Despite the high tolerance to OA reported (Goodwin et al, 2014;Morrow et al, 2015), species-specific differences were found (Bell et al, 2018) resulting in negative impacts on some sponges such as, mortality, tissue degradation (Bates and Bell, 2018) or changes in the associated microbial community (Bell et al, 2018). Bioeroding sponges have been the major focus of the OA studies in this group since they are potentially becoming more efficient under acidified conditions, thereby, accelerating the weakening of CWC reef frameworks (Wisshak et al, 2012(Wisshak et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Carbonate Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic

et al. 2020

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Circulation patterns in the North Atlantic Ocean have changed and reorganized multiple times over millions of years, influencing the biodiversity, distribution, and connectivity patterns of deep-sea species and ecosystems. In this study, we review the effects of the water mass properties (temperature, salinity, food supply, carbonate chemistry, and oxygen) on deep-sea benthic megafauna (from species to community level) and discussed in future scenarios of climate change. We focus on the key oceanic controls on deep-sea megafauna biodiversity and biogeography patterns. We place particular attention on cold-water corals and sponges, as these are ecosystem-engineering organisms that constitute vulnerable marine ecosystems (VME) with high associated biodiversity. Besides documenting the current state of the knowledge on this topic, a future scenario for water mass properties in the deep North Atlantic basin was predicted. The pace and severity of climate change in the deep-sea will vary across regions. However, predicted water mass properties showed that all regions in the North Atlantic will be exposed to multiple stressors by 2100, experiencing at least one critical change in water temperature (+2 • C), organic carbon fluxes (reduced up to 50%), ocean acidification (pH reduced up to 0.3), aragonite saturation horizon (shoaling above 1000 m) and/or reduction in dissolved oxygen (>5%). The northernmost regions of the North Atlantic will suffer the greatest impacts. Warmer and more acidic oceans will drastically reduce the suitable habitat for ecosystem-engineers, with severe consequences such as declines in population densities, even compromising their long-term survival, loss of biodiversity and reduced biogeographic distribution that might compromise connectivity at large scales. These effects can be aggravated by reductions in carbon fluxes, particularly in areas where food availability is already limited. Declines in benthic biomass and biodiversity will diminish ecosystem services such as habitat provision, nutrient

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“…No information was found from the following bioregions: Central Pacific, Tropical East Atlantic, Indian Ocean, South East Pacific, South Atlantic, and Arctic. Where information was extracted from experimental studies, we only used information from control sponges (see Bannister, Battershill, & De Nys, 2012 ; Bennett et al ., 2017 ; Biggerstaff et al ., 2017 ; Pineda et al ., 2017a, 2017b ; Bates & Bell, 2018) in order to provide the best estimates of ‘natural’ respiration rates, as few studies have attempted to measure respiration rates under completely natural conditions (but see Reiswig, 1974; Coma, 2002; Yahel et al ., 2003; Ludeman, Reidenbach, & Leys, 2017).…”

Section: Global Variation In Sponge Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interocean patterns in shallow water sponge assemblage structure and function

et al. 2020

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Sponges are a major component of benthic ecosystems across the world and fulfil a number of important functional roles. However, despite their importance, there have been few attempts to compare sponge assemblage structure and ecological functions across large spatial scales. In this review, we examine commonalities and differences between shallow water (<100 m) sponges at bioregional (15 bioregions) and macroregional (tropical, Mediterranean, temperate, and polar) scales, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of sponge ecology. Patterns of sponge abundance (based on density and area occupied) were highly variable, with an average benthic cover between ~1 and 30%. Sponges were generally found to occupy more space (percentage cover) in the Mediterranean and polar macroregions, compared to temperate and tropical macroregions, although sponge densities (sponges m–2) were highest in temperate bioregions. Mean species richness standardised by sampling area was similar across all bioregions, except for a few locations that supported very high small‐scale biodiversity concentrations. Encrusting growth forms were generally the dominant sponge morphology, with the exception of the Tropical West Atlantic, where upright forms dominated. Annelids and Arthropods were the most commonly reported macrofauna associated with sponges across bioregions. With respect to reproduction, there were no patterns in gametic development (hermaphroditism versus gonochorism), although temperate, tropical, and polar macroregions had an increasingly higher percentage of viviparous species, respectively, with viviparity being the sole gamete development mechanism reported for polar sponges to date. Seasonal reproductive timing was the most common in all bioregions, but continuous timing was more common in the Mediterranean and tropical bioregions compared to polar and temperate bioregions. We found little variation across bioregions in larval size, and the dominant larval type across the globe was parenchymella. No pattens among bioregions were found in the limited information available for standardised respiration and pumping rates. Many organisms were found to predate sponges, with the abundance of sponge predators being higher in tropical systems. While there is some evidence to support a higher overall proportion of phototrophic species in the Tropical Austalian bioregion compared to the Western Atlantic, both also have large numbers of heterotrophic species. Sponges are important spatial competitors across all bioregions, most commonly being reported to interact with anthozoans and algae. Even though the available information was limited for many bioregions, our analyses demonstrate some differences in sponge traits and functions among bioregions, and among macroregions. However, we also identified similarities in sponge assemblage structure and function at global scales, likely reflecting a combination of regional‐ and local‐scale biological and physical processes affecting sponge assemblages, along with common ancestry. Fi...

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Responses of two temperate sponge species to ocean acidification

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of suspended sediments on the pumping rates of three species of glass sponge in situ

Effect of suspended sediments on the pumping rates of three species of glass sponge in situ

Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic

Interocean patterns in shallow water sponge assemblage structure and function

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