Responses of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons to Light and Dark Adaptation: Relative Contributions of Melanopsin and Rod–Cone Inputs

Drouyer, Elise; Rieux, Camille; Hut, Roelof A.; Cooper, Howard M.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1391-07.2007

Cited by 69 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Their contribution to the difference between each test-light session is therefore highly unlikely. Conversely, melanopsin has longer kinetics for lightdark photic adaptation (26), and its sensitivity is deemed to be modulated by the wavelength of prior exposures. In vitro, heterologous expression of human melanopsin in a mouse paraneuronal cell line showed that exposure to longer-wavelength light (540 nm) triggered melanopsin chromophore regeneration and increased its subsequent light sensitivity (12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photic memory for executive brain responses

Chellappa

Meyer

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Light is a powerful stimulant for human alertness and cognition, presumably acting through a photoreception system that heavily relies on the photopigment melanopsin. In humans, evidence for melanopsin involvement in light-driven cognitive stimulation remains indirect, due to the difficulty to selectively isolate its contribution. Therefore, a role for melanopsin in human cognitive regulation remains to be established. Here, sixteen participants underwent consecutive and identical functional MRI recordings, during which they performed a simple auditory detection task and a more difficult auditory working memory task, while continuously exposed to the same test light (515 nm). We show that the impact of test light on executive brain responses depends on the wavelength of the light to which individuals were exposed prior to each recording. Test-light impact on executive responses in widespread prefrontal areas and in the pulvinar increased when the participants had been exposed to longer (589 nm), but not shorter (461 nm), wavelength light, more than 1 h before. This wavelength-dependent impact of prior light exposure is consistent with recent theories of the light-driven melanopsin dual states. Our results emphasize the critical role of light for cognitive brain responses and are, to date, the strongest evidence in favor of a cognitive role for melanopsin, which may confer a form of "photic memory" to human cognitive brain function.fMRI | non-image-forming

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photic memory for executive brain responses

Chellappa

Meyer

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In this sequence, it should be noted that stimulation with 530-nm light increases the neuronal firing rate by 52.9% compared to the dark baseline level, whereas no change in the mean baseline firing rate is observed during the 620-nm light exposures. In addition, the phasic On response of SCN neurons observed immediately following 480-nm and 530-nm light onset that is derived from cone input (Drouyer et al, 2007) is absent during the 620-nm stimulation. This lack of response to long-wavelength, 620-nm light was further confirmed by comparing SCN response levels during 5-min-duration exposures for increasing irradiances to the neuron's baseline firing rate in darkness.…”

Section: Prior Long-wavelength Stimulation Increases the Responsivenementioning

confidence: 95%

“…3A). It can be seen that the typical phasic-On and phasic-Off responses originating from cone and/or rod inputs (Berson et al, 2002;Dacey et al, 2005;Drouyer et al, 2007) are robustly expressed. In contrast, the sustained response corresponding to the melanopsin-based photoresponse of ipRGCs is no longer detectable in the SCN of Opn 4 -/-mice.…”

Section: Melanopsin Is Required For the Enhancing Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanopsin-Dependent Nonvisual Responses: Evidence for Photopigment Bistability In Vivo

et al. 2007

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In mammals, nonvisual responses to light have been shown to involve intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) that express melanopsin and that are modulated by input from both rods and cones. Recent in vitro evidence suggests that melanopsin possesses dual photosensory and photoisomerase functions, previously thought to be a unique feature of invertebrate rhabdomeric photopigments. In cultured cells that normally do not respond to light, heterologous expression of mammalian melanopsin confers light sensitivity that can be restored by prior stimulation with appropriate wavelengths. Using three different physiological and behavioral assays, we show that this in vitro property translates to in vivo, melanopsin-dependent nonvisual responses. We find that prestimulation with long-wavelength light not only restores but enhances single-unit responses of SCN neurons to 480-nm light, whereas the long-wavelength stimulus alone fails to elicit any response. Recordings in Opn4-/- mice confirm that melanopsin provides the main photosensory input to the SCN, and furthermore, demonstrate that melanopsin is required for response enhancement, because this capacity is abolished in the knockout mouse. The efficiency of the light-enhancement effect depends on wavelength, irradiance, and duration. Prior long-wavelength light exposure also enhances short-wavelength-induced phase shifts of locomotor activity and pupillary constriction, consistent with the expression of a photoisomerase-like function in nonvisual responses to light.

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“…First, direct and indirect projections from light-capturing retinal ganglion cells reach neurons of the SCN, modulating their activity (Abrahamson and Moore, 2001;Edelstein and Amir, 1999;Fernandez et al, 2016;Michel et al, 2006;Nakamura et al, 2004). Depending on the phase of the receiving SCN neuron, light input can stimulate active firing of the neuron and modulate clock gene expression (Brown and Piggins, 2007;Hamada et al, 2001; but also see Drouyer et al, 2007, highlighting SCN heterogenetity in this response). As a result of cellular communication between SCN neurons, adjusting the phase of individual cells can subsequently induce a shift in the activity of the whole SCN (reviewed by Welsh et al, 2010;Belle, 2015).…”

Section: The Regulation Of Daily Rhythms In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The flexible clock: predictive and reactive homeostasis, energy balance and the circadian regulation of sleep–wake timing

Riede

Vinne

Hut

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The Darwinian fitness of mammals living in a rhythmic environment depends on endogenous daily (circadian) rhythms in behavior and physiology. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the circadian regulation of physiology and behavior in mammals. We also review recent efforts to understand circadian flexibility, such as how the phase of activity and rest is altered depending on the encountered environment. We explain why shifting activity to the day is an adaptive strategy to cope with energetic challenges and show how this can reduce thermoregulatory costs. A framework is provided to make predictions about the optimal timing of activity and rest of non-model species for a wide range of habitats. This Review illustrates how the timing of daily rhythms is reciprocally linked to energy homeostasis, and it highlights the importance of this link in understanding daily rhythms in physiology and behavior.

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Responses of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons to Light and Dark Adaptation: Relative Contributions of Melanopsin and Rod–Cone Inputs

Cited by 69 publications

References 53 publications

Photic memory for executive brain responses

Photic memory for executive brain responses

Melanopsin-Dependent Nonvisual Responses: Evidence for Photopigment Bistability In Vivo

The flexible clock: predictive and reactive homeostasis, energy balance and the circadian regulation of sleep–wake timing

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