Responses of Steers to Water Restriction

Bianca, W.; Findlay, J. D.; McLean, J. A.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)34766-0

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…including and beyond 18 h. Our results were consistent with Bianca et al (1965) and Parker et al (2004), who cited reduced feed intake as the cause of reduced serum K. Mean serum Cl was greater (P < 0.001) for 36H pens than AL pens. Other authors (Bianca et al, 1965;Steiger Burgos et al, 2001) have also observed such an increase in plasma Cl concentration in dairy cattle and oxen. Both studies attributed increases in plasma Na and Cl concentration to hemoconcentration as a result of reduced plasma volume.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of water and feed withdrawal and health status on blood and serum components, body weight loss, and meat and carcass characteristics of Holstein slaughter cows1

Vogel

Claus

Grandin

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

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During marketing, cattle may be exposed to periods of water deprivation. The impact of water and feed access and health status on the physiological well-being and carcass characteristics of Holstein slaughter cows during preslaughter marketing was studied through analysis of serum components, BW loss percentage, and fresh meat composition. Ninety-one multiparous Holstein cows (609 ± 89 kg mean BW, 2.9 ± 0.5 mean BCS, varying stage of lactation) were purchased over 3 wk in 3 groups (n = 31, 29, and 31) at a terminal market in central Wisconsin. Each cow was screened to determine health status (sick or not sick) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 water and feed withdrawal treatment pens (AL, ad libitum access to water for 36 h; 18H, 18 h of ad libitum access to water followed by 18 h of water withdrawal; 36H, 36 h of water withdrawal; all 3 treatments included 36 h of feed withdrawal) in a randomized complete block arrangement with repeated measures for serum components. Blood samples were collected by tail venipuncture at 0, 9, 18, 27, and 36 h of each treatment. Ambient temperatures were 1.9 ± 6.2°C during the trial period, which occurred over a 3-wk period in March and April 2007 near Arlington, WI. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed in mean serum cortisol in AL (18.41 ± 2.17 ng/mL) or 36H (22.98 ± 2.17 ng/mL). Mean serum glucose was greater (P < 0.05) in 36H pens (78.15 ± 0.77 mg/dL) than AL (75.91 ± 0.77 mg/dL). Mean serum creatinine was greater (P < 0.05) in 36H pens (0.71 ± 0.03 mg/dL) than AL (0.60 ± 0.03 mg/dL). The 36H pens also displayed increased (P < 0.05) serum albumin, anion gap, Ca, Cl, Na, cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase over AL. Greater (P < 0.05) mean percentage BW loss was observed in 36H pens (5.2 ± 0.6%) than AL (3.1 ± 0.6%). Mean muscle protein (%) was greater (P < 0.05) in 36H (22.2 ± 0.4%) than 18H (21.3 ± 0.4%). Mean muscle moisture (%) was greater (P < 0.05) in AL and 18H (75.3 ± 0.4% and 75.2 ± 0.4%) than 36H. Mean 24-h pH values were 5.92 (AL), 5.92 (18H), and 5.81 (36H; SE = 0.04) and were not different (P < 0.05). Observed pH and color values indicated a borderline dark-cutter state across all cattle in the study, regardless of water and feed access treatment. Based on these results, water and feed withdrawal in lairage should not exceed 18 h during the marketing of Holstein slaughter cows acclimated to springtime conditions to maintain BW, serum component concentrations, and fresh meat composition.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of water and feed withdrawal and health status on blood and serum components, body weight loss, and meat and carcass characteristics of Holstein slaughter cows1

Vogel

Claus

Grandin

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

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“…However, it has been shown that hematocrit is not a reliable indicator of dehydration because it is highly variable (Parker et al, 2004;Scharf et al, 2008b). One rapid response to dehydration is a significant reduction in feed intake (Bianca et al, 1965;Olsson, 2005;Scharf et al, 2008b). Even though animals in the current study were limit-fed, dehydration should have resulted in some reduction in feed consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Evaluation of physiological and blood serum differences in heat-tolerant (Romosinuano) and heat-susceptible (Angus) Bos taurus cattle during controlled heat challenge1

Scharf

Carroll

Riley³

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Science

108

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A study was performed to evaluate differences in thermoregulatory ability of 2 Bos taurus breeds with known differences in heat tolerance. Nine Angus (AG; 304 +/- 7 kg of BW) and 9 Romosinuano (RO; 285 +/- 7.5 kg of BW) steers were transported to the Brody Environmental Center at the University of Missouri. Steers were housed for 18 d at thermoneutrality (TN; 21 degrees C) before initiation of heat stress (HS), which consisted of daily cyclic air temperature (26 degrees C, night; 36 degrees C, day) for 14 d. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured 6 times daily throughout the study. Sweat rates at shaved skin sites were recorded on specific days. Blood samples were taken once per week. Angus steers maintained rectal temperature 0.5 degrees C greater than RO at TN (P < 0.001). Likewise, respiration and sweat rates were greater (P < 0.001) in AG than RO at TN (P < 0.05). Rectal temperature increased during HS for both breeds with AG maintaining greater temperatures (P < 0.001). Both breeds increased respiration rate during HS, with AG steers exhibiting the greater rate (P < 0.001). Sweat rate increased more than 4-fold during HS (P < 0.001), followed by reduction after 7 d. Even after HS acclimation, AG exhibited the greater sweat rate (P < 0.001). Breed differences for serum leptin, creatinine, and cholesterol were found throughout the study with AG being greater than RO. Although there were no breed differences (P = 0.21) at TN, only AG steers exhibited a HS-induced increase (P < 0.05) in prolactin, creatinine, and cholesterol concentrations to suggest that an increase in rectal temperature is required for this effect. Use of rectal temperature along with endocrine markers, such as prolactin, may aid in the identification of B. taurus sensitivity to heat.

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“…An example of such an effect is the large increase in renal sodium excretion that occurs in response to dehydration in mammals (Bianca et al . , Luke , McKenna & Haines , McKinley et al . ).…”

Section: Sodium Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While alterations in bodily water balance can have a major effect on plasma osmolality and Na concentration, these important variables are also influenced by changes in bodily sodium balance. An example of such an effect is the large increase in renal sodium excretion that occurs in response to dehydration in mammals (Bianca et al 1965, Luke 1973, McKenna & Haines 1981, McKinley et al 1983a). When such natriuresis in dehydrated animals is experimentally prevented by brain lesions (involving MnPO) or manipulation of CSF Na concentration, pronounced hypernatraemia and hyperosmolality than would otherwise have occurred are observed (McKinley et al 1983b(McKinley et al , 1994a.…”

Section: Sodium Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The median preoptic nucleus: front and centre for the regulation of body fluid, sodium, temperature, sleep and cardiovascular homeostasis

et al. 2015

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Located in the midline anterior wall of the third cerebral ventricle (i.e. the lamina terminalis), the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) receives a unique set of afferent neural inputs from fore-, mid- and hindbrain. These afferent connections enable it to receive neural signals related to several important aspects of homeostasis. Included in these afferent projections are (i) neural inputs from two adjacent circumventricular organs, the subfornical organ and organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, that respond to hypertonicity, circulating angiotensin II or other humoural factors, (ii) signals from cutaneous warm and cold receptors that are relayed to MnPO, respectively, via different subnuclei in the lateral parabrachial nucleus and (iii) input from the medulla associated with baroreceptor and vagal afferents. These afferent signals reach appropriate neurones within the MnPO that enable relevant neural outputs, both excitatory and inhibitory, to be activated or inhibited. The efferent neural pathways that proceed from the MnPO terminate on (i) neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei to regulate vasopressin release, while polysynaptic pathways from MnPO to cortical sites may drive thirst and water intake, (ii) thermoregulatory pathways to the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and medullary raphé to regulate shivering, brown adipose tissue and skin vasoconstriction, (iii) parvocellular neurones in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus that drive autonomic pathways influencing cardiovascular function. As well, (iv) other efferent pathways from the MnPO to sites in the ventrolateral pre-optic nucleus, perifornical region of the lateral hypothalamic area and midbrain influence sleep mechanisms.

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Responses of Steers to Water Restriction

Cited by 49 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of water and feed withdrawal and health status on blood and serum components, body weight loss, and meat and carcass characteristics of Holstein slaughter cows1

Effect of water and feed withdrawal and health status on blood and serum components, body weight loss, and meat and carcass characteristics of Holstein slaughter cows1

Evaluation of physiological and blood serum differences in heat-tolerant (Romosinuano) and heat-susceptible (Angus) Bos taurus cattle during controlled heat challenge1

The median preoptic nucleus: front and centre for the regulation of body fluid, sodium, temperature, sleep and cardiovascular homeostasis

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