Responses of simple and complex cells to compound sine-wave gratings

Pollen, Daniel A.; Gaska, James; Jacobson, Lowell

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(88)80003-8

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It should also be noted that our findings of robust emotional modulation in V1-V4, and especially in V1 (Fig. 8), may have been tied to using a task that used stimuli known to effectively engage early visual cortex (Marcelja, 1980;Pollen et al, 1988). Future studies are needed to investigate how facial expressions (Vuilleumier et al, 2001) and emotional scenes (Mourão-Miranda et al, 2003) may modulate early visual cortex by mapping retinotopically organized cortex and by carefully linking brain and behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Affective Learning Enhances Visual Detection and Responses in Primary Visual Cortex

Padmala¹,

Pessoa²

2008

Journal of Neuroscience

126

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The affective significance of a visual item is thought to lead to enhanced visual processing. However, the precise link between enhanced visual perception of emotion-laden items and increased visual responses remains poorly understood. To investigate this link, we acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data while participants performed a challenging visual detection task. Grating stimuli were physically identical and differed only as a function of their previous exposure history; CSϩ stimuli were initially paired with shock, whereas CSϪ stimuli were not. Behaviorally, subjects were both faster and more accurate during CSϩ relative to CSϪ target detection. These behavioral results were paralleled by increases in fMRI responses across early, retinotopically organized visual cortex, which was mapped in a separate fMRI session. Logistic regression analyses revealed that trial-by-trial fluctuations in fMRI responses were closely linked to trial type, such that fMRI signal strength reliably predicted the probability of a hit trial across retinotopically organized visual cortex, including area V1. For instance, during the CSϩ condition, a 0.5% signal change increased the probability of a hit from chance to 67.3-73.5% in V1-V4 (the highest increase was observed in area V1). Furthermore, across participants, differential fMRI responses to hits versus correct rejects were correlated with behavioral performance. Our findings provide a close link between increased activation in early visual cortex and improved behavioral performance as a function of the affective significance of an item.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Affective Learning Enhances Visual Detection and Responses in Primary Visual Cortex

Padmala¹,

Pessoa²

2008

Journal of Neuroscience

126

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is possible to build a nonlinear system that is unresponsive to signals at a particular frequency but whose performance is significantly affected if noise of that frequency is added to a signal. Although there are many well-understood nonlinearities in vision 17–25 , interactions of this kind are often ignored 26–29 . The prominent models in the domain of motion perception, for example, include well-known nonlinearities but are still assumed to not respond to noise outside their frequency sensitivity band 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invisible noise obscures visible signal in insect motion detection

Tarawneh

Nityananda

Rosner

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The motion energy model is the standard account of motion detection in animals from beetles to humans. Despite this common basis, we show here that a difference in the early stages of visual processing between mammals and insects leads this model to make radically different behavioural predictions. In insects, early filtering is spatially lowpass, which makes the surprising prediction that motion detection can be impaired by “invisible” noise, i.e. noise at a spatial frequency that elicits no response when presented on its own as a signal. We confirm this prediction using the optomotor response of praying mantis Sphodromantis lineola. This does not occur in mammals, where spatially bandpass early filtering means that linear systems techniques, such as deriving channel sensitivity from masking functions, remain approximately valid. Counter-intuitive effects such as masking by invisible noise may occur in neural circuits wherever a nonlinearity is followed by a difference operation.

show abstract

“…The preference for natural images is a consequence of the local phase-selectivity of the individual neuron, achieved by the symmetry and bandwidth of the neuronal receptive field (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962;Movshon et al, 1978a,b;Field & Tolhurst, 1986;Gaska et al, 1987;Jones et al, 1987;Pollen et al, 1988;Mechler et al, 2002Mechler et al, , 2007Ringach, 2002Ringach, , 2004Felsen et al, 2005). In natural images, and for each local feature, the local phase congruency between harmonics is higher than in random patterns (Burr et al, 1989(Burr et al, , 1992Morrone et al, 1993;Martini et al, 1996;Perna & Morrone, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BOLD human responses to chromatic spatial features

Castaldi

Frijia

Montanaro

et al. 2013

Eur J of Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal physiological and human psychophysical studies suggest that an early step in visual processing involves the detection and identification of features such as lines and edges, by neural mechanisms with even- and odd-symmetric receptive fields. Functional imaging studies also demonstrate mechanisms with even- and odd-receptive fields in early visual areas, in response to luminance-modulated stimuli. In this study we measured fMRI BOLD responses to 2-D stimuli composed of only even or only odd symmetric features, and to an amplitude-matched random noise control, modulated in red-green equiluminant colour contrast. All these stimuli had identical power but different phase spectra, either highly congruent (even or odd symmetry stimuli) or random (noise). At equiluminance, V1 BOLD activity showed no preference between congruent- and random-phase stimuli, as well as no preference between even and odd symmetric stimuli. Areas higher in the visual hierarchy, both along the dorsal pathway (caudal part of the intraparietal sulcus, dorsal LO and V3A) and the ventral pathway (V4), responded preferentially to odd symmetry over even symmetry stimuli, and to congruent over random phase stimuli. Interestingly, V1 showed an equal increase in BOLD activity at each alternation between stimuli of different symmetry, suggesting the existence of specialised mechanisms for the detection of edges and lines such as even- and odd-chromatic receptive fields. Overall the results indicate a high selectivity of colour-selective neurons to spatial phase along both the dorsal and the ventral pathways in humans.

show abstract

Responses of simple and complex cells to compound sine-wave gratings

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

Affective Learning Enhances Visual Detection and Responses in Primary Visual Cortex

Affective Learning Enhances Visual Detection and Responses in Primary Visual Cortex

Invisible noise obscures visible signal in insect motion detection

BOLD human responses to chromatic spatial features

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About