Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Wheats to Hessian Fly Attack¹

Abstract

Synopsis Hessian fly resistant wheats infested at first leaf stage, unlike susceptible wheats, undergo little stunting of subsequently developed leaves. Larvae migrated normally downward, but were constantly carried upward by the elongating second leaf. Four days after hatching, most larvae had died in the sheath column and were subsequently carried upward and above the enclosing leaf sheath. Normal growth of resistant leaves appears detrimental to larvae, but its relationship to the initial lethal effect is not understood.

Differential expression of two cytochrome P450 genes in compatible and incompatible Hessian fly/wheat interactions

“…Characteristic features of first instar larvae in a compatible interaction include establishment of a feeding site and successful completion of three instars near the crown of seedling plants, or just above the nodes of older jointed wheat plants (Shukle, 2003). Systemic symptoms in susceptible wheat plants include increased leaf sheath permeability (Shukle et al, 1992), stunting of the plant, chloroplast accumulation leading to the development of a dark green color plant and ultimately death of seedling plants (Cartwright et al, 1959). Even a single virulent larva per plant is sufficient to produce the abovementioned symptoms, which may be caused by the secretion of unknown substances from the salivary glands (Byers and Gallun, 1972;Stuart and Hatchett, 1988).…”

Molecular cloning and characterization of two digestive serine proteases from the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor

“…Soon after hatching, larvae crawl into the region between the first and second leaf sheaths and commence to feed near the crown on seedling plants, or just above the nodes in the case of jointed wheat (Shukle, 2003). Systemic symptoms of damage to wheat seedlings include stunting and development of a dark green colour and can ultimately lead to death of seedling plants (Cartwright et al ., 1959). Even a single larva per plant is sufficient to evoke symptoms, which are thought to be caused by the secretion of unknown substances from the salivary glands (Byers & Gallun, 1972; Stuart & Hatchett, 1988).…”

cDNA cloning and transcriptional expression of a peritrophin‐like gene in the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor [Say]

“…In compatible interactions, larvae on susceptible plants are able to establish a sustained feeding site, and complete their development successfully. During these interactions, the wheat plants are stunted, develop dark green foliage (Cartwright et al, 1959) with enhanced leaf sheath permeability (Shukle et al, 1992), ultimately leading to adverse effects on yield. In incompatible interactions, larvae on resistant plants are unable to establish a feeding site, and die within a period of 5-days post hatch (Painter, 1930).…”