Responses of peripheral blood mononucleated cells from non-celiac gluten sensitive patients to various cereal sources

Abstract

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is still an undefined syndrome whose triggering mechanisms remain unsettled. This study aimed to clarify how cultured peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMC) obtained from NCGS patients responded to contact with wheat proteins. Results demonstrated that wheat protein induced an overactivation of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL10 in PBMC from NCGS patients, and that the overactivation level depends on the cereal source from which proteins are obtained. CXCL10 is able to decrease the transepithelial resistance of monolayers of normal colonocytes (NCM 460) by diminishing the mRNA expression of cadherin-1 (CDH1) and tight junction protein 2 (TJP2), two primary components of the tight junction strands. Thus, CXCL10 overactivation is one of the mechanisms triggered by wheat proteins in PBMC obtained from NCGS patients. This mechanism is activated to a greater extent by proteins from modern with respect to those extracted from ancient wheat genotypes.

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: A work-in-progress entity in the spectrum of wheat-related disorders

“…Cytokine / chemokine response measurable at tissue and plasma levels can represent other important markers for NCGS. Preliminary data have shown an increased production of chemokine CXCL10 from the small intestinal mucosa and PBMC in both CD and NCGS as compared to healthy controls [61,84]. Secretion of CXCL10 is ten-time higher in CD than in NCGS and the entity of the production of this chemokine might be helpful for differentiating CD from NCGS [61].…”

“…Higher levels of interleukin-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and transforming growth factor-a were produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of IBS patients in response to gluten compared to rice [39]. Recently, an overproduction of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL10 from PBMC obtained by NCGS patients in response to various cereal fractions was demonstrated [61]. Increased CXCL10 secretion was significantly related to the stimulation of PBMC from NCGS patients by gluten-containing cereal proteins and not by corn and rice flours.…”

The spectrum of noncoeliac gluten sensitivity

“…110 Another biomarker for NCGS could be determination of chemokine secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), stimulated by different wheat strains. 111 Preliminary data have shown an increased production of CXCL10 from PBMCs after in vitro wheat stimulation in both coeliac disease and NCGS compared with healthy controls. 111 Secretion of CXCL10 is fivefold higher in coeliac disease than in NCGS and the degree of this chemokine increase might be helpful for differentiating coeliac disease from NCGS.…”

“…111 Preliminary data have shown an increased production of CXCL10 from PBMCs after in vitro wheat stimulation in both coeliac disease and NCGS compared with healthy controls. 111 Secretion of CXCL10 is fivefold higher in coeliac disease than in NCGS and the degree of this chemokine increase might be helpful for differentiating coeliac disease from NCGS. 111 Confocal laser endomicroscopy is able to detect foodassociated changes in the intestinal mucosa of patients with IBS.…”

A novel hybrid drug between two potent anti-tubulin agents as a potential prolonged anticancer approach

“…To this end, we set out to study the potential interaction of A with the active efflux transporters on human NCM460 cells. We evidenced that, after confluence in Millicell systems, these cells acquire functional polarisation, thereby acting as an epithelial barrier (Valerii et al, 2015;Ferretti et al, 2015). Therefore, we used NCM460 cells as a pharmacological barrier-based approach of human origin, where investigating interaction of drugs with efflux transporters.…”