Responses of mice to odors associated with stress.

Carr, W. J.; Martorano, Raymond D.; Krames, Lester

doi:10.1037/h0029164

Cited by 102 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…This indicates that all individuals in the population knew the scents of neighbours at a similar distance from their places of habitation. These observations differ from those in the literature and deriving mainly from laboratory experiments carried out for example on reared populations of house mice (eg Carr et al 1970). Field experiments done by Heske (1987) on a wild population of California voles Microtus californicus confirmed that the reactions of individuals of this species to the scents of other rodents were dependent on the age of the donor.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

The range of olfactory familiarity between individuals in a population of bank voles

Owadowska¹

1999

Acta Theriol.

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E. 1999. The range of olfactory familiarity between individuals in a population of bank voles. Acta Theriologica 44: 133-150.The aim of the study was to test a hypothesis that small rodents in natural conditions are able to distinguish between the scents of neighbour (N) and stranger (S) individuals of conspecific. Experiments were carried out in a 100-year-old alder forest of the association Circaeo-elongatae Alnetum (Koch. 1926), on a population of bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780). Experiment I found higher capture rates in traps with the scent of N individuals (n = 35) and showed that the rodents could distinguish between N and S scents. Analysis of 90 sheets of Bristol board laid down in the forest in experiment II showed that rodents left significantly more traces of faeces and urine on sheets with the N scents. Experiment III showed that at distances of as much as 200 m from the place of origin of a donor there had been no decrease in the interest of other voles in its scent. Experiment IV increased the distance at which a fall-off in interest in the N scent was sought. As a result of 856 observations of the reactions of voles to the scents of donors originating at different distances, it was found that voles treated as N individuals those donors coming from distances of up to about 1000 m. Analysis of 840 sheets of Bristol board with scents of donors originating between 200 and 1400 m away used in experiment V showed that those smelling of donors from 1200 and 1400 m away were visited significantly less often by the rodents than others. A distance of around 1000 m may thus be the threshold for a decline in the interest of rodents in the N scent.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

The range of olfactory familiarity between individuals in a population of bank voles

Owadowska¹

1999

Acta Theriol.

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“…He found that the odor was "taken up by the surroundings with which the animal comes into contact, and remains, under experimental conditions, for a period of at least 7 to 8 hours" (Muller-Velten, 1966, p. 425). It is also known that both mice and rats can discriminate the odors of stressed versus nonstressed conspecifi cs (Carr, Martorano, & Krames, 1970;Runyon, 1954;Valenta & Rigby, 1968). Moreover, Runyon (1954) showed that rats trained to escape or avoid shock by jumping out of a chamber will jump out of a dissimilar chamber faster when it contains the odor of a shocked rat than when it does not contain this odor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converging evidence for one-trial context fear conditioning with an immediate shock: Importance of shock potency.

Bevins¹,

McPhee²,

Rauhut³

et al. 1997

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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In a sample of 208 Holtzman-descended albino rats, we found evidence with 4 measures of conditioning (freezing, defecation, side crossing, and nose crossing) that a single 2-s, 1.0-mA immediate shock could condition fear to a context (Experiments 1, 2, and 4). When we reduced the shock intensity to 0.5 mA, we obtained a complete immediate-shock conditioning deficit according to all measures in Experiment 3 and to all but the defecation measure in Experiment 4. Results suggest two conclusions: (a) Differences in shock potency between laboratories may help explain discrepant findings about whether immediate shock supports contextual conditioning; (b) theories of contextual conditioning need a mechanism that permits that conditioning to result from immediate shock.Recently, considerable interest has developed about understanding the neural and behavioral processes mediating one-trial context fear conditioning (e.g.,

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“…For odors released during social interactions, only discrimination and preference tests have been staged to assess the effects. However, it is revealing to review the work of Carr, Martorano, & Krames (27) on the odor preferences of mice (Mus) exposed to pairs of odors drawn from three classes of test subjects: (a) conspecifics stressed in social interactions (i.e., defeated in a fight), (b) nonstressed conspecifics (i.e., victorious or isolated animals), and (c) mice stressed in nonsocial situations. One must assume in these experiments that a preference for one odor may also indicate an avoidance of a second odor.…”

Section: Eisenberg and Kleiman Social Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%