Responses of evaporite mineralogy to inflow water sources and climate during the past 100 k.y. in Death Valley, California

Li, Jianren; Lowenstein, Tim K.; Blackburn, Ian R.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<1361:roemti>2.3.co;2

Cited by 51 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…These minerals, notably gaylussite, are common low temperature evaporative concentration products in alkaline-saline lake environments (Gac et al 1979;Li et al 1997;Yan et al 2002). Their presence suggests that a closed basin (or several sub-basins) akin to a volcanic caldera setting (with evaporation exceeding precipitation rates) may have formed within the Chicxulub crater before the impactinduced hydrothermal event and that the saline solutions circulated down into the impactite sequence.…”

Section: Pre-hydrothermal Paleogeographic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal alteration in the core of the Yaxcopoil‐1 borehole, Chicxulub impact structure, Mexico

Zürcher

Kring

2004

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Abstract-Petrographic, electron microprobe, and Raman spectrometric analyses of Yaxcopoil-1 core samples from the Chicxulub crater indicate that the impact generated a hydrothermal system. Relative textural and vein crosscutting relations and systematic distribution of alteration products reveal a progression of the hydrothermal event in space and time and provide constraints on the nature of the fluids. The earliest calcite, halite, and gaylussite suggest that the impactite sequence was initially permeated by a low temperature saline brine. Subsequent development of a higher temperature hydrothermal regime is indicated by thermal metamorphic diopside-hedenbergite (Aeg 3 Fs 18-33 En 32-11 Wo 47-53 ) after primary augite and widespread Na-K for Ca metasomatic alkali exchange in plagioclase. Hydrothermal sphene, apatite, magnetite ± (bornite), as well as early calcite (combined 3 to 8 vol%) were introduced with metasomatic feldspar. A lower temperature regime characterized by smectite after probable primary glass, secondary chlorite, and other pre-existing mafic minerals, as well as very abundant calcite veins and open-space fillings, extensively overprinted the early hydrothermal stage. The composition of early and late hydrothermal minerals show that the solution was chlorine-rich (Cl/F >10) and that its Fe/Mg ratio and oxidation state increased substantially (4 to 5 logƒO 2 units) as temperature decreased through time. The most altered zone in the impactite sequence occurs 30 m above the impact melt. The lack of mineralogical zoning about the impact melt and convective modeling constraints suggest that this unit was too thin at Yaxcopoil-1 to provide the necessary heat to drive fluids and implies that the hydrothermal system resulted from the combined effects of a pre-existing saline brine and heat that traveled to the Yaxcopoil-1 site from adjacent areas where the melt sheet was thicker. Limonite after iron oxides is more common toward the top of the sequence and suggests that the impactite section was subjected to weathering before deposition of the Tertiary marine cover. In addition, scarce latest anatase stringers, chalcopyrite, and barite in vugs, francolite after apatite, and recrystallized halite are the likely products of limited post-hydrothermal ambient-temperature diagenesis, or ocean and/or meteoric water circulation.

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Section: Pre-hydrothermal Paleogeographic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal alteration in the core of the Yaxcopoil‐1 borehole, Chicxulub impact structure, Mexico

Zürcher

Kring

2004

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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“…Sediments in and shorelines around basins have provided important data for reconstructing regional environmental change in the Late Quaternary through the direct contribution of increased precipitation, versus the role, for example, of glacial meltwater, in feeding high lakes (e.g. Li, Lowenstein and Blackburn, 1996). During wetter phases, individual lakes coalesced where topography facilitated this or lost their closed status and flowed one into another (Figure 4.4).…”

Section: Within-dryland Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dryland System Variability

Thomas

2011

Arid Zone Geomorphology

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“…Evaporite mineralogy is a key component of such studies. For example, in Death Valley, California, the interpreted dry periods are associated with glauberite, gypsum and calcite in palaeo-mudfl at deposits, whereas abundant calcite, scarce CaSO 4 minerals and halite with mud layers, typify wet periods, including a perennial-lake phase (Li et al, 1997;Lowenstein et al, 1999). A crude 100 ka cyclicity is noted, possibly related to Milankovitch forcing.…”

Section: Palaeoenvironmental Signifi Cancementioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial Evaporites

Chivas¹

2007

Geochemical Sediments and Landscapes

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Responses of evaporite mineralogy to inflow water sources and climate during the past 100 k.y. in Death Valley, California

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrothermal alteration in the core of the Yaxcopoil‐1 borehole, Chicxulub impact structure, Mexico

Hydrothermal alteration in the core of the Yaxcopoil‐1 borehole, Chicxulub impact structure, Mexico

Dryland System Variability

Terrestrial Evaporites

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