Responses of Emergent Marsh Wetlands in Upstate New York to Variations in Urban Typology

Kleppel, Gary S.; Madewell, Shirley A.; Hazzard, S. E.

doi:10.5751/es-00686-090501

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We are aware of only three other studies that have compared plant or animal community structure between clustered or compact development and dispersed development (Kleppel et al 2004, Lenth et al 2006, Gagné andFahrig in press). Kleppel et al (2004) compared the biomasses of emergent vascular plants, phytoplankton, and zooplankton between wetlands situated in watersheds dominated by traditional small town Open-habitat beetles. The species included in each group are given in Appendix 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trade-off Between Housing Density and Sprawl Area: Minimizing Impacts to Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Gagné¹,

Fahrig²

2010

E&S

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing housing density has negative effects on native biodiversity. This implies that we should build at low density to conserve native species. However, for a given human population, low-density development must cover a large area, resulting in sprawl. A pertinent question is then, at what housing density are the impacts of a given human population on native biodiversity minimized? We addressed this question with carabid beetles in Ottawa and Gatineau, Canada. First, we collected beetles at 22 sites representing a range of housing densities. We then used these data to estimate beetle abundance and species richness in hypothetical development scenarios representing the housing density/sprawl area trade-off. Our results suggest that clustering development at a high housing density minimizes the impacts of a given human population on carabid beetles. If these results are general across all forest taxa, then planning that favors densification rather than sprawl would minimize urbanization effects on forest biodiversity.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trade-off Between Housing Density and Sprawl Area: Minimizing Impacts to Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Gagné¹,

Fahrig²

2010

E&S

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rather, one must look to land history, typological configurations, and specific zoning regulations for more insights into causes of biotic community change. For example, Kleppel et al (2004) found that particular typologies of development, specifically those with single-or multi-family suburban subdivisions, had greater impacts on wetlands than did more traditional, compact village configurations. The link may be through the propagation of impervious surface: Stone (2004), analyzing correlates of impervious surface in residential parcels in Wisconsin, found that larger lot sizes, increased street frontage, and the use of dendritic road networks and cul-de-sacs in subdivisions significantly increased impervious surfaces on individual lots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Long-term changes in ecosystem health of two Hudson Valley watersheds, New York, USA, 1936–2001

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined long-term ecological change in two Hudson River tributaries, the Wappinger and Fishkill Creek watersheds in Dutchess County, New York State. Fish data spanning 65 years (1936, 1988, 1992, and 2001) and shorter term macroinvertebrate data (1988, 2001) were used to assess the influence of land use practices. Between 1988 and 2001, macroinvertebrate index Biotic Assessment Profile (BAP) improved by 113-165% in the Fishkill Creek watershed, and fish Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) improved by 117-140%. Fish IBI and fish species richness were significantly different (p < 0.01) between the watersheds, with Wappinger Creek in better condition. Long-term fish IBI scores showed degradation in both watersheds since the 1930s. Changes in species composition suggest community homogenization on par with overall changes in the fish fauna of New York. Most notable were increases in tolerant species and declines in intolerant or moderately tolerant species. Whereas Fishkill Creek IBIs showed decline in 1988 relative to 1936, followed by improvement, Wappinger Creek declined monotonically in environmental quality. Development has intensified in both watersheds, but Fishkill Creek is improving while Wappinger Creek watershed is undergoing less mitigated degradation. We find that older, semi-quantitative data can be used to construct environmental quality indicators, and can be of great use for measuring long-term change.

show abstract

“…Similarly, in two rural regions of New Hampshire, conductivity ranged from 18 to 734 lS in 61 ephemeral and semipermanent wetlands (Hermann et al 2005) and from approximately 333-1190 lS in five roadside vernal pools (Turtle 2000). High conductivity levels have also been reported from urban and suburban wetlands, including averaging approximately 720 lS (range 250-1500 lS) in four emergent marsh wetlands in the Hudson River Valley of New York (Kleppel et al 2004). The source of elevated conductivity was not explicitly determined for each of these studies, but New York and New Hampshire apply the highest amounts of road salt to their roads (24.1 and 24.3 metric tons per lane-km each year), after Massachusetts (28.3) and Vermont (24.9) in the United States (National Research Council 1991), so it is likely that road salt is a primary contributor to elevated conductivity.…”

Section: Sylvatica) or Causing Mortality In Aquatic Invertebrates (Amentioning

confidence: 91%

Impacts of Road Deicing Salt on the Demography of Vernal Pool-Breeding Amphibians

Karraker

Gibbs

Vonesh

2008

Ecological Applications

272

187

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deicing agents, primarily road salt, are applied to roads in 26 states in the United States and in a number of European countries, yet the scale of impacts of road salt on aquatic organisms remains largely under-studied. The issue is germane to amphibian conservation because both adult and larval amphibians are known to be particularly sensitive to changes in their osmolar environments. In this study, we combined survey, experimental, and demographic modeling approaches to evaluate the possible effects of road salt on two common vernal-pond-breeding amphibian species, the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). We found that in the Adirondack Mountain Region of New York (USA), road salt traveled up to 172 m from the highway into wetlands. Surveys showed that egg mass densities of spotted salamanders (A. maculatum) and wood frogs (R. sylvatica) were two times higher in forest pools than roadside pools, but this pattern was better explained by road proximity than by increased salinity. Experiments demonstrated that embryonic and larval survival were reduced at moderate (500 muS) and high conductivities (3000 muS) in A. maculatum and at high conductivities in R. sylvatica. Demographic models suggest that such egg and larval stage effects of salt may have important impacts on populations near roads, particularly in the case of A. maculatum, for which salt exposure may lead to local extinction. For both species, the effect of road salt was dependent upon the strength of larval density dependence and declined rapidly with distance from the roadside, with the greatest negative effects being limited to within 50 m. Based on this evidence, we argue that efforts to protect local populations of A. maculatum and R. sylvatica in roadside wetlands should, in part, be aimed at reducing application of road salt near wetlands with high conductivity levels.

show abstract

Responses of Emergent Marsh Wetlands in Upstate New York to Variations in Urban Typology

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

The Trade-off Between Housing Density and Sprawl Area: Minimizing Impacts to Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

The Trade-off Between Housing Density and Sprawl Area: Minimizing Impacts to Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Long-term changes in ecosystem health of two Hudson Valley watersheds, New York, USA, 1936–2001

Impacts of Road Deicing Salt on the Demography of Vernal Pool-Breeding Amphibians

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About