Responses of Cerambycidae and Other Insects to Traps Baited With Ethanol, 2,3-Hexanediol, and 3,2-Hydroxyketone Lures in North-Central Georgia

Abstract

In north-central Georgia, 13 species of woodboring beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) were attracted to multiple-funnel traps baited with ethanol and one of the following pheromones: (1) racemic 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one; (2) racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one; and (3) syn-2,3-hexanediol. The following species were attracted to traps baited with ethanol and 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one: Anelaphus pumilus (Newman), Eburia quadrigeminata (Say), Euderces pini (Olivier), Knulliana cincta (Drury), Neoclytus mucronatus (F.), Neoclytus scutellaris (Olivier), and Xylotrechus colonus (F.). Clytus marginicollis Castelnau & Gory, and Anelaphus parallelus (Newman) were attracted to traps baited with ethanol and 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one, whereas traps baited with ethanol and syn-2,3-hexanediol were attractive to Anelaphus villosus (F.), A. parallelus, Neoclytus acuminatus (F.), Neoclytus jouteli jouteli Davis, and Megacyllene caryae (Gahan). Ethanol enhanced catches of seven cerambycid species in traps baited with syn-2,3-hexanediol and 3,2-hydroxyketones. Catches of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ethanol-baited traps were largely unaffected by the addition of syn-2,3-hexanediol and 3,2-hydroxyketone lures, except for two species. The mean catches of Hypothenemus rotundicollis Wood & Bright and Dryoxylon onoharaensum (Murayama) in ethanol-baited traps increased and decreased, respectively, with the addition of racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one. Traps baited with ethanol and syn-2,3-hexanediol were attractive to Xylobiops basilaris (Say) (Bostrichidae) and Chariessa pilosa (Forster) (Cleridae), whereas Temnoscheila virescens (F.) (Trogossitidae) were attracted to traps baited with ethanol and 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one. The assassin bug, Apiomerus crassipes (F.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), was attracted to traps baited with ethanol and 3,2-hydroxyketones.

Efficacy of semiochemical-baited traps for detection of Scolytinae species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Russian Far East

“…data). The addition of K8 to traps baited with ethanol signifi cantly increased catches of M. scutellare (Noseworthy et al, 2012) and Hypothenemus rotundicollis Wood & Bright (Miller et al, 2015b) and reduced catches of Dryoxylon onoharaensum (Murayama) (Miller et al, 2015b). Positive response of S. tycon to a pheromone that is emitted by many species of longhorn beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae suggests that S. tycon perceives it as a kairomone indicative of a suitable host for colonization.…”

“…It was also apparent from our data that many of the Scolytinae species that we detected were not signifi cantly attracted to any of the lure treatments in 2009 (20/27 species) or 2010 (20/28 species). Furthermore, as pointed out by Miller et al (2015b), although we can compare the relative effi cacy of traps and lures for detection of a given species, we do not have independent data on population densities of any species at our experimental sites. Thus we do not know the relationship between mean catch and population density for any species and, therefore, have no measure of how sensitive a trap-lure is in terms of detecting a low density population of an exotic beetle that may recently have established in a new range.…”

“…In the last decade or so, long-distance sex and aggregation pheromones have been identifi ed in several species of longhorn beetles in the subfamilies Cerambycinae (Fettköther et al, 1995;Allison et al, 2004;Lacey et al, 2004Lacey et al, , 2007Mitchell et al, 2015, Ray et al, 2015, Spondylidinae (Silk et al, 2007;Sweeney et al, 2010), Prioninae (Cervantes et al, 2006), Lamiinae (Fonseca et al, 2010, Pajares et al, 2010Teale et al, 2011;Allison et al, 2012;Fierke et al, 2012) and Lepturinae (Ray et al, 2011, and use of racemic blends as well as pure enantiomers in traps has signifi cantly increased the detection rate of several species of cerambycids Mitchell et al, 2011;Hanks & Miller, 2012Wong et al, 2012;Sweeney et al, 2014;Ray et al, 2015;Miller et al, 2015b). As a result, racemic blends of the cerambycinae pheromones, 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one, have been used in operational surveillance programs by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency from .…”

“…Similarly, combination of longhorn beetle pheromones and host volatiles synergizes attraction of cerambycids (Nakamuta et al, 1997;Fettköther et al, 2000;Reddy et al, 2005;Silk et al, 2007;Nehme et al, 2009;Sweeney et al, 2010Sweeney et al, , 2014Pajares et al, 2010;Teale et al, 2011;Allison et al, 2012;Hanks et al, 2012;Macias-Samano et al, 2012;Miller et al, 2015b;Ryall et al, 2015; but see Pajares et al, 2010). In addition to increasing mean catch per trap and sensitivity of detecting several species of bark and wood-boring species, combining different pheromones and host volatiles on the same traps reduces survey costs by decreasing the number of traps required Noseworthy et al, 2012;Wong et al, 2012;Rassati et al, 2014).…”

“…Noseworthy et al (2012) reported that attraction of Monarthrum scutellare (LeConte) was synergized by the combination of racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one and ethanol. Miller et al (2015b) found that mean catches of Hypothenemus rotundicollis Wood & Bright and Dryoxylon onoharaensum (Murayama) in ethanol-baited traps increased and decreased, respectively, with the addition of racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one, but that catches of other Scolytinae species were largely unaffected. Knowledge of the effects of such lure combinations on the detection of Cerambycidae and Scolytinae, whether they are positive, negative, or neutral, is necessary to optimize surveillance programs for exotic bark and wood-boring beetles.…”