Responses of canopy and soil climate in a six year free-air CO2 enrichment study with spring crops

Franzaring, Jürgen; Högy, Petra; Erbs, Martin; Fangmeier, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.11.018

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In two related studies, Marhan et al (2010) and Franzaring et al (2010) reported that the increase in soil moisture in response to elevated CO 2 over several years at the same Mini‐FACE experiment was detectable but small (+2.7 vol%). It is therefore likely that the effects of elevated [CO 2 ] on soil moisture in the investigated period (Table 2) were too small to result in differences in bacterial abundance and activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Abundance and activity of nitrate reducers in an arable soil are more affected by temporal variation and soil depth than by elevated atmospheric [CO2]

Marhan

Philippot

Bru

et al. 2011

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO(2) ]) might change the abundance and the function of soil microorganisms in the depth profile of agricultural soils by plant-mediated reactions. The seasonal pattern of abundance and activity of nitrate-reducing bacteria was studied in a Mini-FACE experiment planted with oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Three depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) were sampled. Analyses of the abundances of total (16S rRNA gene) and nitrate-reducing bacteria (narG, napA) revealed strong influences of sampling date and depth, but no [CO(2)] effects. Abundance and activity of nitrate reducers were higher in the top soil layer and decreased with depth but were not related to extractable amounts of nitrogen and carbon in soil. Dry periods reduced abundances of total and nitrate-reducing bacteria, whereas the potential activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme was not affected. Enzyme activity was only weakly correlated to the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria but was related to NH(4) (+) and NO(3) (-) concentrations. Our results suggest that in contrast to the observed pronounced seasonal changes, the elevation of atmospheric [CO(2) ] has only a marginal impact on nitrate reducers in the investigated arable ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Abundance and activity of nitrate reducers in an arable soil are more affected by temporal variation and soil depth than by elevated atmospheric [CO2]

Marhan

Philippot

Bru

et al. 2011

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…As each node adds a new leaf, and there were no visible signs of accelerated senescence in elevated [CO 2 ] plots, LAI was likely greater in elevated plots from midsummer until harvest. Although it is not always true (reviewed in Ainsworth & Long, ), greater LAI and leaf area duration both contributed to increases in biomass and yield for cassava at SoyFACE, which is consistent with other FACE experiments (Dermody et al ., ; Franzaring et al ., ; Morgan et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cassava about‐FACE: Greater than expected yield stimulation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) by future CO₂ levels

Rosenthal

Slattery

Miller

et al. 2012

Global Change Biology

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Globally, cassava is the second most important root crop after potatoes and the fifth most important crop overall in terms of human caloric intake. In addition to its growing global importance for feed, fuel, and starch, cassava has long been vital to food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Climate change is expected to have its most severe impact on crops in food insecure regions, yet little is known about how cassava productivity will respond to climate change. The most important driver of climate change is globally increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]). However, the potential for cassava to enhance food security in an elevated [CO 2 ] world is uncertain as greenhouse and open top chamber (OTC) study reports are ambiguous. Studies have yielded misleading results in the past regarding the effect of elevated [CO 2 ] on crop productivity, particularly in cases where pots restricted sink growth. To resolve these conflicting results, we compare the response of cassava to growth at ambient (ca. 385 ppm) and elevated [CO 2 ] (585 ppm) under field conditions and fully open air [CO 2 ] elevation. After three and half months of growth at elevated [CO 2 ], above ground biomass was 30% greater and cassava root tuber dry mass increased over 100% (fresh weight increased 89%). High photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic stimulation by elevated [CO 2 ], larger canopies, and a large sink capacity all contributed to cassava's growth and yield stimulation. Cassava exhibited photosynthetic acclimation via decreased Rubisco capacity early in the season prior to root tuber initiation when sink capacity was smaller. Importantly, and in contrast to a greenhouse study, we found no evidence of increased leaf N or total cyanide concentration in elevated [CO 2 ]. All of our results are consistent with theoretical expectations; however, the magnitude of the yield increase reported here surpasses all other C 3 crops and thus exceeds expectations.

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“…Similarly, the effects of rising soil temperature, soil hydrothermal properties, winter wheat growth and yield were studied by Ju et al (2010). Franzaring et al (2010) conclude that also CO 2 enrichment was responsible for changes of the soil microclimate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Specifics of soil temperature under winter wheat canopy

Krčmářová

Středová

Pokorný

et al. 2013

Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the course of soil temperature under the winter wheat canopy and to determine relationships between soil temperature, air temperature and partly soil moisture. In addition, the aim was to describe the dependence by means of regression equations usable for phytopathological prediction models, crop development, and yield models. The measurement of soil temperatures was performed at the experimental field stationŽabčice (Europe, the Czech Republic, South Moravia). The soil in the first experimental plot is Gleyic Fluvisol with 49-58% of the content particles measuring < 0.01 mm, in the second experimental plot, the soil is Haplic Chernozem with 31-32% of the content particles measuring < 0.01 mm. The course of soil temperature and its specifics were determined under winter wheat canopy during the main growth season in the course of three years. Automatic soil temperature sensors were positioned at three depths (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 m under soil surface), air temperature sensor in 0.05 m above soil surface. Results of the correlation analysis showed that the best interrelationships between these two variables were achieved after a 3-hour delay for the soil temperature at 0.05 m, 5-hour delay for 0.10 m, and 8-hour delay for 0.20 m. After the time correction, the determination coefficient reached values from 0.75 to 0.89 for the depth of 0.05 m, 0.61 to 0.82 for the depth of 0.10 m, and 0.33 to 0.70 for the depth of 0.20 m. When using multiple regression with quadratic spacing (modeling hourly soil temperature based on the hourly near surface air temperature and hourly soil moisture in the 0.10-0.40 m profile), the difference between the measured and the model soil temperatures at 0.05 m was −2.16 to 2.37 • C. The regression equation paired with alternative agrometeorological instruments enables relatively accurate modeling of soil temperatures (R 2 = 0.93).

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Responses of canopy and soil climate in a six year free-air CO2 enrichment study with spring crops

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

Abundance and activity of nitrate reducers in an arable soil are more affected by temporal variation and soil depth than by elevated atmospheric [CO2]

Abundance and activity of nitrate reducers in an arable soil are more affected by temporal variation and soil depth than by elevated atmospheric [CO2]

Cassava about‐FACE: Greater than expected yield stimulation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) by future CO₂ levels

Specifics of soil temperature under winter wheat canopy

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Responses of canopy and soil climate in a six year free-air CO2 enrichment study with spring crops

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

Abundance and activity of nitrate reducers in an arable soil are more affected by temporal variation and soil depth than by elevated atmospheric [CO2]

Abundance and activity of nitrate reducers in an arable soil are more affected by temporal variation and soil depth than by elevated atmospheric [CO2]

Cassava about‐FACE: Greater than expected yield stimulation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) by future CO2 levels

Specifics of soil temperature under winter wheat canopy

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Cassava about‐FACE: Greater than expected yield stimulation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) by future CO₂ levels