Responses in the voluntary intake of hay or silage by lactating cows to intraruminal infusions of sodium acetate or sodium propionate, the tonicity of rumen fluid or rumen distension

Anil, M.H.; Mbanya, Jean Claude; Symonds, H.W.; Forbes, J. M.

doi:10.1079/bjn19930071

Cited by 56 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The relation between rumen fill and feed intake is well known (Faverdin et al, 1995 for review). Several authors have increased the volume or mass of the rumen content with indigestible material such as balloons (Anil et al, 1993) or particles (Weston, 1966;Baumont et al, 1990b), or with digestible materials (Weston, 1966;Greenhalgh and Reid, 1971), and demonstrated an associated decrease in intake. In addition, the higher CP content of the lucerne hay could have improved the efficiency of the ruminal microbial population, as introducing lucerne hay in the rumen rather than grass hay led to increased ammonia concentration and total VFA content in the rumen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding behaviour of sheep fed lucerne v. grass hays with controlled post-ingestive consequences

Favreau

Ginane

Baumont

2010

Animal

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Understanding what determines feeding behaviour in herbivores is essential to optimise the use of forages in breeding systems. Herbivores can evaluate foods by associative learning of their pre-ingestive characteristics (taste, odour, etc.) and their postingestive consequences. Post-ingestive consequences are acknowledged as influencing intake and food choices, but the role of pre-ingestive characteristics is still being debated. Our experiment was designed to test their separate effects on daily dry matter intake (DMI), intake patterns and short-term choices in sheep by crossing the nature of the hay orally consumed (o) ad libitum, lucerne (L) or grass (G), with the nature of the hay introduced into the rumen (r), L or G, at a rate of half the total amount of hay received the day before. We applied four treatments, Go/Gr, Go/Lr, Lo/Gr and Lo/Lr, to test the effects of (i) post-ingestive consequences with similar pre-ingestive characteristics (Go/Gr v. Go/Lr; Lo/Gr v. Lo/Lr) and (ii) pre-ingestive characteristics with similar post-ingestive consequences at the end of the feeding period (Go/Lr v. Lo/Gr). Six rumen-fistulated sheep underwent all the treatments over 11-day periods in a latin square design. Eating time was restricted to 6 h/day, intraruminal introductions were performed just before food offer and choice tests were conducted after food removal. For similar pre-ingestive characteristics, DMI increased when L hay was introduced into the rumen rather than G ( P , 0.05), possibly owing to a lower fill effect of L due to its lower NDF content and higher rumen degradability. The increased DMI resulted from longer eating time when G was orally consumed (149 v. 192 min, P , 0.05), whereas it resulted from higher intake rate with L (4.8 v. 6.1 g/min, P , 0.05). For similar post-ingestive consequences at the end of the feeding period (Go/Lr and Lo/Gr), DMI were similar ( P . 0.05). Pre-ingestive characteristics or palatability per se did not therefore influence daily intake, although they influenced eating patterns. Pre-ingestive characteristics also greatly influenced short-term choices in favour of the hay that was not previously consumed, independently of any post-ingestive influence. This study confirms the effects of post-ingestive consequences on daily intake, but demonstrates that these variations are obtained by different behavioural adjustments under the influence of pre-ingestive characteristics. Preference for novelty, regardless of post-ingestive consequences, thus suggests that sheep may seek a diverse diet more for pleasure than for functional purposes, with implications for animal welfare.Keywords: feeding behaviour, intake, sensory characteristics, rumen, sheep ImplicationsBreeding systems tend to increase the proportion of forages in the total diet of ruminants, both for economic gain and in response to social demand for environmental protection and welfare. However, their use remains to be optimised. To do this we need a better understanding of how food characteristics influence feeding beh...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding behaviour of sheep fed lucerne v. grass hays with controlled post-ingestive consequences

Favreau

Ginane

Baumont

2010

Animal

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“…Thus the many small increases in the strength of signals from gut receptors during and following a meal, insufficient independently to be satiating, might be of adequate strength when added together -intake might be controlled by the sum of many small signals and not exclusively by a major change in one signal. This would explain why an experimental treatment with a single factor has to be applied at very high levels in order to stop feeding, or even to depress intake significantly 49 . On this basis it is possible to reinterpret observations that were paradoxical, according to previous theories.…”

Section: Additivity Of Stimuli Affecting Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

A personal view of how ruminant animals control their intake and choice of food: minimal total discomfort

Forbes

2007

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Voluntary food intake and the selection between foods are important subjects especially in ruminants in view of the economic importance of this class of animal and the complex digestive system with its attendant metabolic peculiarities. There is evidence that intake is limited by the capacity of the rumen as well as by metabolic factors; some theories assume that intake is controlled by the first limiting factor but this is not satisfying on physiological grounds and there is evidence that signals from feedback factors are integrated in an additive manner. It is now well established from research in which animals are given the chance to learn the metabolic consequences of eating food with a particular sensory profile, including a choice of foods, that animals including ruminants can adjust their diet, both quantitatively and qualitatively, to their nutrient requirements. It is proposed that they do this in order to minimise the total of the discomfort generated by the several signals from various body systems. The learning process is aided by the considerable day-to-day variation often seen in the intake of individual animals. An optimisation model is proposed and presented in a simple form, involving the addition of discomforts (calculated as the square of the deviation of the supply of metabolisable energy, crude protein and neutral-detergent fibre) and iterative elucidation of the intake at which total discomfort is minimal. With parameters appropriate for growing lambs the model provides reasonable agreement with observations, both in terms of daily intake and selection between foods of different protein contents. Manipulation of food composition and of nutrient requirements produces predictions broadly in agreement with reality except that protein deficiency has less severe consequences for the model than for real animals; it is proposed that protein deficiency be given more weighting than protein excess, and this may be true for other resources as well. This model is proposed as a philosophy and a starting point for further development and is not purveyed as a complete, working model. It nevertheless provides support for the concept of total minimal discomfort as a suitable base from which to view the control of intake and selection in all animals.Voluntary food intake: Diet selection: Models: Ruminants: Minimal total discomfort

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“…Two studies (Woodford et al, 1984;Cafe and Poppi, 1994) (equation [14]). This adjustment represents the potential osmolality decrease in reticulorumen fluid, which in turn enhances net water transfer via the rumen wall (Anil et al, 1993;Storm et al, 2012). The adjusted fractional rate of the net water transfer Agle et al, 2010;Alamouti et al, 2009;Beauchemin et al, 2008;Beauchemin and Yang, 2005;Bowman et al, 2002Bowman et al, , 2003Canale et al, 1988;Casper et al, 1999;Cassida and Stokes, 1986;Couderc et al, 2006;Dado and Allen, 1995;Fernandez et al, 2004;Kammes and Allen, 2012;Kammes et al, 2012a,b;Kargar et al, 2010;Kendall et al, 2009;Kononoff and Heinrichs, 2003a,b;Kononoff et al, 2003;Krämer et al, 2013;Krause et al, 2003;Le Liboux and Peyraud, 1998;Peyraud, 2010, 2011;Lykos et al, 1997;Maekawa et al, 2002;Mathew et al, 2011;Maulfair and Heinrichs, 2013a,b;Maulfair et al, 2010;Mooney and Allen, 2007;Mowrey et al, 1999;Noftsger et al, 2005;Oba and Allen, 2000;Rabelo et al, 2001;Reis and Combs, 2000a,b;Rius et al, 2012;Sairanen et al, 2005;San Emeterio et al, 2000;…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying body water kinetics and fecal and urinary water output from lactating Holstein dairy cows

Appuhamy

Wagner-Riddle

Casper

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Reliable estimates of fresh manure water output from dairy cows help to improve storage design, enhance efficiency of land application, quantify the water footprint, and predict nutrient transformations during manure storage. The objective of the study was to construct a mechanistic, dynamic, and deterministic mathematical model to quantify urinary and fecal water outputs (kg/d) from individual lactating dairy cows. The model contained 4 body water pools: reticulorumen (Q RR ), post-reticulorumen (Q PR ), extracellular (Q EC ), and intracellular (Q IC ). Dry matter (DM) intake, dietary forage, DM, crude protein, acid detergent fiber and ash contents, milk yield, and milk fat and protein contents, days in milk, and body weight were input variables to the model. A set of linear equations was constructed to determine drinking, feed, and saliva water inputs to Q RR and fractional water passage from Q RR to Q PR . Water transfer via the rumen wall was subjected to changes in Q EC and total water input to Q RR . Post-reticulorumen water passage was adjusted for DM intake. Metabolic water production and respiratory cutaneous water losses were estimated with functions of heat production in the model. Water loss in urine was driven by absorbed N left after being removed via milk. Model parameters were estimated simultaneously using observed fecal and urinary water output data from lactating Holstein cows (n = 670). The model was evaluated with data that were not used for model development and optimization (n = 377). The observations in both data sets were related to thermoneutral conditions. The model predicted drinking water intake, fecal, urinary, and total fresh manure water output with root mean square prediction errors as a percentage of average values of 18.1, 15.6, 30.6, and 14.6%, respectively. In all cases, >97% of the prediction error was due to random variability of data. The model can also be used to determine saliva production, heat and metabolic water production, respiratory cutaneous water losses, and size of major body water pools in lactating Holstein cows under thermoneutral conditions.

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Responses in the voluntary intake of hay or silage by lactating cows to intraruminal infusions of sodium acetate or sodium propionate, the tonicity of rumen fluid or rumen distension

Cited by 56 publications

References 25 publications

Feeding behaviour of sheep fed lucerne v. grass hays with controlled post-ingestive consequences

Feeding behaviour of sheep fed lucerne v. grass hays with controlled post-ingestive consequences

A personal view of how ruminant animals control their intake and choice of food: minimal total discomfort

Quantifying body water kinetics and fecal and urinary water output from lactating Holstein dairy cows

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