Responses in growth performance, enzymatic activity, immune function and liver health after dietary supplementation of Porphyridium sp. in juvenile golden pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus )

Abstract

The marine unicellular microalga Porphyridium sp. synthesizes several bioproducts consisting of sulphated polysaccharides, arachidonic acid and phycoerythrin, of which sulphated polysaccharides prominently exhibit antiviral, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed at appraising the feasibility of Porphyridium sp. in diets for Trachinotus ovatus. Three experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (PS0), 10 (PS1) and 50 g/kg (PS5) Porphyridium sp. powders. After 6 weeks of feeding trials, the supplementation of Porphyridium sp. significantly boosted the growth performance and activities of digestive enzymes (pepsin and lipase). Fish fed with PS1 and PS5 diets showed greater villus length than those fed with PS0 diet. The antioxidant capacity of fish fed the diet with Porphyridium sp. powders was pronouncedly enhanced via stimulating the Nrf2‐ARE pathway and elevating antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, Porphyridium sp. supplementation not only promoted liver health of fish by suppressing mRNA levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes, but significantly boosted non‐specific immunity via up‐regulating the mRNA levels of c‐type lysozyme and complement C4 and down‐regulating the mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70. These results suggest that microalga Porphyridium sp. promotes the growth performance and immune function, and thereby strengthens the health of T. ovatus.

Tolerance Assessment of Atractylodes macrocephala Polysaccharide in the Diet of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

“…In the 400 mg/kg AMP supplementation group, the anti-inflammatory cytokine tgfβ was significantly increased, suggesting that AMP could enhance an anti-inflammatory response in largemouth bass. Other polysaccharides, such as Astragalus polysaccharide [ 72 ], Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide [ 73 ], and sulphated polysaccharide [ 74 ], also exert anti-inflammatory effects on fish. However, the expression levels of tnfα and nfκb in the liver were increased by 4000 and 8000 mg/kg AMP supplementation, while the iκb and tgfβ mRNA levels were decreased in the present study.…”

Nutritional and immunological evaluation of Nannochloropsis oculata as a potential Nile tilapia-aquafeed supplement

“…Accumulating evidences support that dietary microalgae Porphyridium sp. for 6 weeks can diminish caspases mRNA expressions, inhibiting the apoptosis of hepatocytes to protect the liver of juvenile golden pompano [ 99 ]. Also, mRNA levels of hepatic caspase 3, caspase 6 and caspase 9 were not significantly affected in golden pompano fed microalgal Tribonema sp.…”

Administration of Dietary Microalgae Ameliorates Intestinal Parameters, Improves Body Weight, and Reduces Thawing Loss of Fillets in Broiler Chickens: A Pilot Study

“…T. chuii and P. cruentum are acknowledged for improving growth performance in shrimp and fish [ 34 , 35 ]. The present outcomes reveal that dietary administration of these species of microalgae had an overall positive effect on chicken body weight.…”

“…Our results are in line with the mentioned studies, as all treatments exerted a positive effect on intestinal integrity. In fact, T. lutea , Tetraselmis sp., and P. cruentum are known for improving intestinal morphology and health in fish [ 35 , 41 ]. In duodenal and ileal sections, villi were characteristically taller and thinner in microalgae-treated birds than in untreated animals, whereas crypt depth was only improved in chickens fed with P. cruentum .…”