Responses by fishes to environmental hypoxia: integration through Fry's concept of aerobic metabolic scope

Claireaux, Guy; Chabot, Denis

doi:10.1111/jfb.12833

Cited by 211 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…2A,B,D,E). This was simply a proof of concept, as the constraining effect of hypoxia on AS is a well-known phenomenon in fishes (Claireaux and Chabot, 2016;Claireaux et al, 2000;Farrell and Richards, 2009;Fry, 1971;Lefrançois and Claireaux, 2003). We then defined CT max at water oxygen levels ranging from air saturation (normoxia) to below the fish's critical oxygen tension (P crit ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits in fishes

Ern

Norin

Gamperl

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

128

151

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Temperature-induced limitations on the capacity of the cardiorespiratory system to transport oxygen from the environment to the tissues, manifested as a reduced aerobic scope (maximum minus standard metabolic rate), have been proposed as the principal determinant of the upper thermal limits of fishes and other waterbreathing ectotherms. Consequently, the upper thermal niche boundaries of these animals are expected to be highly sensitive to aquatic hypoxia and other environmental stressors that constrain their cardiorespiratory performance. However, the generality of this dogma has recently been questioned, as some species have been shown to maintain aerobic scope at thermal extremes. Here, we experimentally tested whether reduced oxygen availability due to aquatic hypoxia would decrease the upper thermal limits (i.e. the critical thermal maximum, CT max ) of the estuarine red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and the marine lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). In both species, CT max was independent of oxygen availability over a wide range of oxygen levels despite substantial (>72%) reductions in aerobic scope. These data show that the upper thermal limits of waterbreathing ectotherms are not always linked to the capacity for oxygen transport. Consequently, we propose a novel metric for classifying the oxygen dependence of thermal tolerance; the oxygen limit for thermal tolerance (P CTmax ), which is the water oxygen tension (Pw O2 ) where an organism's CT max starts to decline. We suggest that this metric can be used for assessing the oxygen sensitivity of upper thermal limits in water-breathing ectotherms, and the susceptibility of their upper thermal niche boundaries to environmental hypoxia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits in fishes

Ern

Norin

Gamperl

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

128

151

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“…Hypoxia tolerance may also impact survival when DO levels fall below the critical oxygen tension (O 2 crit ) required to maintain the standard metabolic rate (minimum oxygen con-*Corresponding author; e-mail: andrew.wood@csiro.au. (Claireaux and Chabot 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Hypoxia Has Negligible Effects on Long-Term Hypoxia Tolerance and Aerobic Metabolism of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Wood

Andrewartha

Elliott

et al. 2017

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Exposure to developmental hypoxia can have long-term impacts on the physiological performance of fish because of irreversible plasticity. Wild and captive-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) can be exposed to hypoxic conditions during development and continue to experience fluctuating oxygen levels as juveniles and adults. Here, we examine whether developmental hypoxia impacts subsequent hypoxia tolerance and aerobic performance of Atlantic salmon. Individuals at 87C were exposed to 50% (hypoxia) or 100% (normoxia) dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation (as percent of air saturation) from fertilization for ∼100 d (800 degree days) and then raised in normoxic conditions for a further 15 mo. At 18 mo after fertilization, aerobic scope was calculated in normoxia (100% DO) and acute (18 h) hypoxia (50% DO) from the difference between the minimum and maximum oxygen consumption rates (M Á O 2 min and M Á O 2 max , respectively) at 107C. Hypoxia tolerance was determined as the DO at which loss of equilibrium (LOE) occurred in a constantly decreasing DO environment. There was no difference in M Á O 2 min , M Á O 2 max , or aerobic scope between fish raised in hypoxia or normoxia. There was some evidence that hypoxia tolerance was lower (higher DO at LOE) in hypoxiaraised fish compared with those raised in normoxia, but the magnitude of the effect was small (12.52% DO vs. 11.73% DO at LOE). Acute hypoxia significantly reduced aerobic scope by reducing M We discuss our findings in the context of developmental trajectories and the role of aerobic performance in hypoxia tolerance.

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“…Fishes 2018, 3, 12 4 of 12 similar to that of critical oxygen levels [34][35][36], using exposure time as a variable instead of oxygen level. As such, the PNR provides an average measure of the duration for which the fish can maintain their required oxygen consumption when continuously exposed to P. parvum.…”

Section: Loss Of Equilibrium and Time To The Point Of No Returnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Fish: Insights from Prymnesium parvum

Svendsen

Andersen

Hansen

et al. 2018

Fishes

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Blooms of the planktonic alga Prymnesium parvum pose a global threat, causing fish kills worldwide. Early studies on the exposure of fish to P. parvum indicate that toxic effects are related to gill damage. The more strictly defined concept of adverse outcome pathways has been suggested as a replacement for the mode of action in toxicology studies. In this study, rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) were exposed to P. parvum. During exposure, oxygen consumption was determined by respirometry, and ventilation and coughing rate were determined via video surveillance. Per breath oxygen consumption was calculated to assess the ventilation effort to obtain a unit of oxygen. A second experiment monitored fish behavior to assess recovery. The results indicated that oxygen consumption initially increased, but on average fell below the standard oxygen consumption at 70% relative exposure. Being a function of ventilation frequency and oxygen consumption, the per breath oxygen consumption decreased throughout exposure. Behavioral results determined that short-term P. parvum exposure subsequently caused the exposed fish to seek flow refuge immediately and to a greater extent than unexposed fish. The adverse outcome pathway of P. parvum on rainbow trout is that P. parvum acts as a gill irritant resulting in non-recoverable respiratory failure.

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Responses by fishes to environmental hypoxia: integration through Fry's concept of aerobic metabolic scope

Cited by 211 publications

References 88 publications

Oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits in fishes

Oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits in fishes

Developmental Hypoxia Has Negligible Effects on Long-Term Hypoxia Tolerance and Aerobic Metabolism of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Fish: Insights from Prymnesium parvum

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