Responses and Tolerance of Cereal Crops to Metal and Metalloid Toxicity

Ahmad, Iftikhar; Tahir, Muhammad; Daraz, Umar; Ditta, Allah; Hussain, Mubshar; Khan, Zia Ul Haq

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0025-1_14

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…Cereal crops respond differently to varying Pb toxicity levels and can be classified as metal excluders, metal indicators, and metal accumulators. Excluders avoid the accumulation and translocation of metal ions in their shoots; metal indicators accumulate metals in the aerial shooting system; metal accumulators absorb, translocate, and accumulate metal ions at levels greater than those found in the soil in various parts of their shoots ( Ahmad et al, 2020 ; Zanganeh et al, 2020 ). Lead also affects plant growth by interfering with the composition and concentration of nutrients and protein conformation, like transporters and regulatory proteins ( Pirzadah et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Effect On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Toxicity in Cereals: Mechanistic Insight Into Toxicity, Mode of Action, and Management

Aslam

Sheraz

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Cereals are the major contributors to global food supply, accounting for more than half of the total human calorie requirements. Sustainable availability of quality cereal grains is an important step to address the high-priority issue of food security. High concentrations of heavy metals specifically lead (Pb) in the soil negatively affect biochemical and physiological processes regulating grain quality in cereals. The dietary intake of Pb more than desirable quantity via food chain is a major concern for humans, as it can predispose individuals to chronic health issues. In plant systems, high Pb concentrations can disrupt several key metabolic processes such as electron transport chain, cellular organelles integrity, membrane stability index, PSII connectivity, mineral metabolism, oxygen-evolving complex, and enzymatic activity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been recommended as an inexpensive strategy for remediating Pb-contaminated soils. A diverse group of Ascomycetes fungi, i.e., dark septate endophytes is successfully used for this purpose. A symbiotic relationship between endophytes and host cereal induces Pb tolerance by immobilizing Pb ions. Molecular and cellular modifications in plants under Pb-stressed environments are explained by transcription factor families such as bZIP, ERF, and GARP as a regulator. The role of metal tolerance protein (MTP), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), and heavy metal ATPase in decreasing Pb toxicity is well known. In the present review, we provided the contemporary synthesis of existing data regarding the effects of Pb toxicity on morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of major cereal crops. We also highlighted the mechanism/s of Pb uptake and translocation in plants, critically discussed the possible management strategies and way forward to overcome the menace of Pb toxicity in cereals.

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Section: Effect On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Toxicity in Cereals: Mechanistic Insight Into Toxicity, Mode of Action, and Management

Aslam

Sheraz

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Many researchers have reported reduced morphological parameters under Cr stress ( Adrees et al, 2015 ; Maqbool et al, 2018 ). Cr toxicity inhibits cell division and elongation in plant root cells ( Adrees et al, 2015 ), thus reducing root surface area for enhanced water and nutrient uptake from the soil ( Medda and Mondal, 2017 ; Ahmad et al, 2020 ) and ultimately growth and biomass production. Our findings are in line with the study by Jun et al (2009) that Cr-contaminated soil reduced shoot length, root growth, and biomass production in cereals, vegetables, and forages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-composted Biochar Enhances Growth, Physiological, and Phytostabilization Efficiency of Brassica napus and Reduces Associated Health Risks Under Chromium Stress

et al. 2021

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Among heavy metals, chromium (Cr) contamination is increasing gradually due to the use of untreated industrial effluents for irrigation purposes, thereby posing a severe threat to crop production. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of compost, biochar (BC), and co-composted BC on the growth, physiological, biochemical attributes, and health risks associated with the consumption of Brassica grown on Cr-contaminated soil. Results revealed that Cr stress (Cr-25) significantly reduced the growth and physiological attributes and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in Brassica, but the applied amendments considerably retrieved the negative effects of Cr toxicity through improving the growth and physiology of plants. The maximum increase in plant height (75.3%), root length (151.0%), shoot dry weight (139.4%), root dry weight (158.5%), and photosynthetic rate (151.0%) was noted with the application of co-composted BC under Cr stress (Cr-25) in comparison to the control. The application of co-composted BC significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activities, such as APX (42.5%), GP (45.1%), CAT (45.4%), GST (47.8%), GR (47.1%), and RG (48.2%), as compared to the control under Cr stress. The same treatment reduced the accumulation of Cr in grain, shoot, and roots of Brassica by 4.12, 2.27, and 2.17 times and enhanced the accumulation in soil by 1.52 times as compared to the control. Moreover, the application of co-composted BC significantly enhanced phytostabilization efficiency and reduced associated health risks with the consumption of Brassica. It is concluded that the application of co-composted BC in Cr-contaminated soil can significantly enhance the growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes of Brassica by reducing its uptake in plants and enhanced phytostabilization efficiency. The tested product may also help in restoring the soils contaminated with Cr.

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“…The total hardness of Triveni Lake, according to Khan (Ahmad et al, 2020), ranged from (69.33 to 193.67) mL. Minimum values were reported during the monsoon in the Harsal dam, ranging from (83.8 to 178) mL.…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 96%

A systematic review of climate change and water resources in Sub-Saharan Africa

Turyasingura

Chavula²,

Hirwa

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Variations in precipitation that affect water resources have drawn a lot of attention to climate change-related water quality issues in recent years. Point and non-point source contaminants have an impact on water quality due to seasonal rainfall variability, and rainfall events are crucial in spreading these pollutants. Sub-Saharan Africa has the least stable access to freshwater supplies. Numerous academics have undertaken extensive research on the connection between climate change and water resources, yielding significant research findings. However, there is a dearth of quantitative analysis and thorough evaluation of research accomplishments. The purpose of the study was to undertake an organized literature review on the topic of examining the relationship between Sub-Saharan Africa's water resources and climate change. In the first segment, Vos-Viewer was used to map, study the literature, and identify any gaps in order to evaluate the impact of rainfall variability on water quality. The adaptation and mitigation strategies for water availability were described in the second section. This report utilizes the VOS-Viewer bibliometric software to create a combative network and keyword co-occurrence map based on the pertinent literature on the topics of climate change and water resources in the core collection of the Web of Science database and dimension. According to the study's findings, cooperation networks are not as prominent as research networks between developed and developing nations. It was also shown that irregular rainfall affects water quality by giving the water a muddy, acidic, and turbid appearance. According to the assessment, the study's conclusions suggest that involving all significant parties and adopting strong rules can facilitate prudent water usage and management. This is crucial for the 884 million people whose survival depends on surface water resources.

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Responses and Tolerance of Cereal Crops to Metal and Metalloid Toxicity

Cited by 13 publications

References 173 publications

Lead Toxicity in Cereals: Mechanistic Insight Into Toxicity, Mode of Action, and Management

Lead Toxicity in Cereals: Mechanistic Insight Into Toxicity, Mode of Action, and Management

Co-composted Biochar Enhances Growth, Physiological, and Phytostabilization Efficiency of Brassica napus and Reduces Associated Health Risks Under Chromium Stress

A systematic review of climate change and water resources in Sub-Saharan Africa

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