Response to Varying Dietary Energy and Protein With or Without Enzyme Supplementation on Leghorn Performance and Economics. 2. Laying Period

Novak, Curtis Lyn; Yakout, H.A.; Remus, Janet C

doi:10.3382/japr.2006-00126

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Egg weight is known to be dependent on energy and protein intakes of the birds (Fisher, 1969;Morris and Gous, 1988). Birds fed diet containing 3% reduced dietary ME and protein had lower egg weight than those fed the control (Novak et al, 2008). This is confirmed regarding the energy intake in the present work, as the slight reduction in ME intake of birds fed ground wheat led to low egg weight.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Is sequential feeding of whole wheat more efficient than ground wheat in laying hens?

Faruk

Bouvarel

Mallet

et al. 2011

Animal

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The impact of sequential feeding of whole or ground wheat on the performance of layer hen was investigated using ISABROWN hens from 19 to 42 weeks of age. In addition, the effect of reduced dietary energy content of a complete diet was also investigated. Four treatments were tested. Whole wheat was alternated with a protein-mineral concentrate (balancer diet) in a treatment (sequential whole wheat: SWW), while another treatment alternated ground wheat (sequential ground wheat: SGW) with the same balancer diet. The control (C) was fed a complete layer diet conventionally. Another treatment (low energy: LE) was fed a complete diet conventionally. The diet contained lower energy (10.7 v. 11.6 MJ/kg) compared to the C. Each treatment was allocated 16 cages and each cage contained five birds. Light was provided 16 h daily (0400 to 2000 h). Feed offered was controlled (121 g/bird per day) and distributed twice (2 3 60.5 g) at 4 and 11 h after lights on. In the sequential treatment, only wheat (whole or ground) was fed during the first distribution and the balancer diet during the second distribution. Left over feed was always removed before the next distribution. The total feed intake was not different between SWW and SGW, but the two were lower than C (P , 0.05). Wheat intake was however, lowered with SGW compared to SWW (P , 0.05). Egg production and egg mass (EM) were not different between treatments. Egg weight was lower with SGW than with SWW (P , 0.05), but the two were similar to C. Body weight (BW) was lowered (P , 0.01) with SGW relative to SWW and C, SWW BW being also lower than the C one. The efficiency of egg production was increased (P , 0.01) with the SWW and SGW relative to the control. Birds fed LE had higher feed intake (P , 0.05) but they had similar egg production and EM compared to the two sequential treatments. The efficiency of feed utilization was also reduced (P , 0.01) with LE compared to SWW and SGW. It was concluded that sequential feeding is more efficient than conventional feeding. In addition, whole wheat appeared more efficient than ground wheat in terms of egg and BW.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Is sequential feeding of whole wheat more efficient than ground wheat in laying hens?

Faruk

Bouvarel

Mallet

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…Çiftci et al (2003b) reported no effect on egg shape index, breaking strength and shell thickness when Hisex Brown laying hens fed wheat-based diets containing two levels of AME (2,680 and 2,790 kcal kg -1 ). Similar results were reported by other researchers (Jalal et al, 2007;Novak et al, 2008;Pérez-Bonilla et al, 2012;Li et al, 2013) who evaluated the effect of different dietary AME levels on egg quality traits in laying hens fed corn-based diets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Effects of wheat cultivar, metabolizable energy level, and xylanase supplementation to laying hens diet on performance, egg quality traits, and selected blood parameters

Mirzaee

Torki

Habibian

2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was conducted to evaluate the effects of two dietary apparent metabolizable energy (AME) levels (2,720 and 2,580 kcal kg-1 diet) and enzyme (0 and 0.3 g kg-1 diet, Grindazym® GP 15,000 with mostly xylanase activity) supplementation on the performance of laying hens fed diets based on two wheat cultivars (Marvdasht and Sardari). Experimental diets were formulated to have a constant energy to protein ratio and were fed to 65-wk-old Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens for 7 wk. The lower level of AME reduced egg production and egg mass (p<0.05) and increased feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Enzyme addition increased feed intake of the birds fed a diet with Sardari cultivar (p<0.05) but had no effect on feed intake of the birds fed a diet with Marvdasht cultivar (p>0.05). Nevertheless, birds receiving diets based on Marvdasht cultivar had higher feed intake and egg mass than that of those receiving diets based on Sardari cultivar (p<0.05). The birds fed diets based on Marvdasht cultivar produced less undesired eggs and had better yolk color as compared with the birds fed diets based on Sardari cultivar (p<0.05). The serum concentration of glucose increased by enzyme supplementation when birds receiving lower AME level (p<0.05). These results indicate that enzyme supplementation may have a positive effect on the feed intake of laying hens when fed on wheat-based diets; however, this effect is cultivar dependent and does not necessarily mean that enzyme supplementation always benefit production.

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“…The same authors reported that the absence of enzyme supplementation (amylase + protease + xylanase) promoted greater percentage of energy retention in laying hens fed diets formulated with recommended energy level for their age compared with those with a 3% reduction in the energy level; however, associated with enzymatic supplementation, the level of dietary energy did not influence the percentage of retained energy. Furthermore, laying hens fed diets with recommended energy level for their age and supplementation of enzymatic complex (amylase + protease + xylanase) showed reduction in the percentage of protein retention at the age of 38 weeks (Novak et al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Choct et al (1996) report that the digestibility of starch, protein and lipid can be significantly improved by enzyme supplementation in diets containing NSP. Novak et al (2008) found that the interaction between enzyme supplementation and level of dietary energy Rostagno et al (2005) for their age; RED -diet with reduction of 100 kcal/kg metabolizable energy in relation to REQ; DMI -dry matter intake; MCDM -metabolizability coefficient of dry matter; MCCP -metabolizability coefficient of crude protein; MCEE -metabolizability coefficient of ether extract; MCCE -metabolizability coefficient of crude energy; AME -apparent metabolizable energy; AMEn -apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen; NR -nitrogen retention; CV -coefficient of variation. 2 Data expressed on a dry matter basis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolizable energy values of diets supplemented with xylanase determined with laying hens

et al. 2012

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of xylanase in diets with reduced energy level on the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen, determined with laying hens at 14, 36, 60 and 80 weeks of age. Four digestibility trials were conducted, using 80 Hy-line W36 laying hens aged 14, 36, 60 and 80 weeks of age. Birds were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (energy level × inclusion of xylanase), totaling four treatments with 10 replicates of two birds each. Treatments were: positive control (balanced diet for their age); positive control + xylanase; negative control (diet with reduction of 100 kcal/kg in the level of metabolizable energy); and negative control + xylanase. Xylanase, produced by microorganism Trichoderma reesei, was added to the diets at 100 g/t (16,000 BXU/kg) for diets fed at 14 weeks and 75 g/t for diets of 36, 60 and 80 weeks (12,000 BXU/kg). The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance at 5% probability. Supplementation of xylanase promoted higher values for AME (apparent metabolizable energy) and AME n (apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen) determined with 80-week-old laying hens, subjected to diet with energy level according to the nutritional requirements for their age. Supplementation of xylanase increases the matabolizability coefficient of the dietary crude protein and improves the nitrogen retention of laying hens at 14 weeks. In addition, xylanase associated with adequate levels of dietary energy promotes higher values for AME and AME n determined with laying hens at 80 weeks of age.

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Response to Varying Dietary Energy and Protein With or Without Enzyme Supplementation on Leghorn Performance and Economics. 2. Laying Period

Cited by 39 publications

References 29 publications

Is sequential feeding of whole wheat more efficient than ground wheat in laying hens?

Is sequential feeding of whole wheat more efficient than ground wheat in laying hens?

Effects of wheat cultivar, metabolizable energy level, and xylanase supplementation to laying hens diet on performance, egg quality traits, and selected blood parameters

Metabolizable energy values of diets supplemented with xylanase determined with laying hens

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