Response to unfairness across the suicide risk spectrum

Carbajal, Jessica M.; Gamboa, Jorge L.; Moore, Jordan; Smith, Favrin; Eads, Lou Ann; Clothier, Jeffrey; Cáceda, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.071

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In several previous studies, depression alone did not have a main effect on temporal discounting 27,78,79 . Though some reports have found an increased 24,80,81 or decreased 82 likelihood of rejecting unfair offers in the ultimatum game in depressed individuals, studies that have assessed social bargaining in larger samples (total n > 50) have found, similar to ours, no differences in the rejection of unfair proposals 18,[83][84][85][86] . Though ours is the first assessment of risk and ambiguity preferences in depression as these constructs are measured in experimental economics, our results are consistent with previous studies showing no differences in risky decision making in depressed individuals in tasks with trial-by-trial feedback 16,22,87 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Multiple Facets of Value-Based Decision Making in Major Depressive Disorder

Mukherjee

Kazinka

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Depression is clinically characterized by obvious changes in decision making that cause distress and impairment. though several studies suggest impairments in depressed individuals in single tasks, there has been no systematic investigation of decision making in depression across tasks. We compare participants diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (n = 64) to healthy controls (n = 64) using a comprehensive battery of nine value-based decision-making tasks which yield ten distinct measures. MDD participants performed worse on punishment (d = −0.54) and reward learning tasks (d = 0.38), expressed more pessimistic predictions regarding winning money in the study (d = −0.47) and were less willing to wait in a persistence task (d = −0.39). Performance on learning, expectation, and persistence tasks each loaded on unique dimensions in a factor analysis and punishment learning and future expectations each accounted for unique variance in predicting depressed status. Decision-making performance alone could predict depressed status out-of-sample with 72% accuracy. The findings are limited to MDD patients ranging between moderate to severe depression and the effects of medication could not be accounted for due to the cross sectional nature of the study design. These results confirm hints from single task studies that depression has the strongest effects on reinforcement learning and expectations about the future. our results highlight the decision processes that are impacted in major depression, and whose further study could lead to a more detailed computational understanding of distinct facets of this heterogeneous disorder.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Multiple Facets of Value-Based Decision Making in Major Depressive Disorder

Mukherjee

Kazinka

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…In several previous studies, depression alone did not have a main effect on temporal discounting 27,78,79 . Though some reports have found an increased 24,80,81 or decreased 82 likelihood of rejecting unfair offers in the ultimatum game in depressed individuals, studies that have assessed social bargaining in larger samples (total n > 50) have found, similar to ours, no differences in the rejection of unfair proposals 18,[83][84][85][86] . Though ours is the first assessment of risk and ambiguity preferences in depression as these constructs are measured in experimental economics, our results are consistent with previous studies showing no differences in risky decision-making in depressed individuals in tasks with trial-bytrial feedback 16,22,87 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

The Depressed Decision-Maker: How Value Based Decision Making Differs in Major Depressive Disorder

Mukherjee¹,

S²,

Kazinka³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Depression is clinically characterized by obvious changes in decision-making that cause distress and impairment. Though several studies suggest impairments in depressed individuals in single tasks, there has been no systematic investigation of decision-making in depression across tasks. Methods: We compare participants diagnosed with MDD (n = 64) to healthy controls (n=64) using a comprehensive battery of nine value-based decision-making tasks which yield ten distinct measures. Results: MDD participants performed worse on punishment (d = -.54) and reward learning tasks (d = .38), expressed more pessimistic predictions regarding winning money in the study (d = -.47) and were less willing to wait in a persistence task (d = -.39). Performance on learning, expectation, and persistence tasks each loaded on unique dimensions in a factor analysis and punishment learning and future expectations each accounted for unique variance in predicting depressed status. Decision-making performance alone could predict depressed status out-of-sample with 72% accuracy. Limitation: The findings are limited to MDD patients ranging between moderate to severe depression and the effects of medication could not be accounted for due to the cross sectional nature of the study design. Conclusion: These results confirm hints from single task studies that depression has the strongest effects on reinforcement learning and expectations about the future. Our results highlight decision processes that are the impacted in major depression, and whose further study could lead to a more detailed computational understanding of distinct facets of this heterogeneous disorder.

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“…Evidence suggests both psilocybin and MDMA can affect processes such as empathy, emotion recognition and responses to social exclusion 8 – 11 . With social decision-making tasks increasingly being used to assess how social interactions are altered in clinical populations 12 , 13 , it is appropriate to investigate how these may be altered following administration of these compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psilocybin and MDMA reduce costly punishment in the Ultimatum Game

Gabay

Carhart‐Harris

Mazibuko

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Disruptions in social decision-making are becoming evident in many psychiatric conditions. These are studied using paradigms investigating the psychological mechanisms underlying interpersonal interactions, such as the Ultimatum Game (UG). Rejection behaviour in the UG represents altruistic punishment – the costly punishment of norm violators – but the mechanisms underlying it require clarification. To investigate the psychopharmacology of UG behaviour, we carried out two studies with healthy participants, employing serotonergic agonists: psilocybin (open-label, within-participant design, N = 19) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design, N = 20). We found that both MDMA and psilocybin reduced rejection of unfair offers (odds ratio: 0.57 and 0.42, respectively). The reduction in rejection rate following MDMA was associated with increased prosociality (R2 = 0.26, p = 0.025). In the MDMA study, we investigated third-party decision-making and proposer behaviour. MDMA did not reduce rejection in the third-party condition, but produced an increase in the amount offered to others (Cohen’s d = 0.82). We argue that these compounds altered participants’ conceptualisation of ‘social reward’, placing more emphasis on the direct relationship with interacting partners. With these compounds showing efficacy in drug-assisted psychotherapy, these studies are an important step in the further characterisation of their psychological effects.

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Response to unfairness across the suicide risk spectrum

Cited by 14 publications

References 70 publications

Multiple Facets of Value-Based Decision Making in Major Depressive Disorder

Multiple Facets of Value-Based Decision Making in Major Depressive Disorder

The Depressed Decision-Maker: How Value Based Decision Making Differs in Major Depressive Disorder

Psilocybin and MDMA reduce costly punishment in the Ultimatum Game

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