“…It has been hypothesized that pANCA could also be directed against a luminal microbial antigen [70,71,72,73]. Positive staining for pANCA in immunocytochemistry has been shown to be associated with UC or with CD with colonic involvement only [58,74,75,76,77]. Serum pANCA are found in approximately 60% of UC patients, 15% of CD patients, 8% of other GI disease controls and 0–2.5% of healthy controls, respectively [59,61,75,76,77,78,79,80].…”