Response to Rachel M. Gillum’s Review of The Politics of the Headscarf in the United States

Islamic religious behaviors and civic engagement in Europe and North America

“…Others examine the role of Islamic organizations and mosques in promoting participation (Jamal, 2005a;Ayers and Hofstetter, 2008;Bagby, 2009;Dana et al, 2011;Fleischmann et al, 2016;Oskooii and Dana, 2017;Westfall, 2018), or document the mobilizing effect of Islamophobia (Munawar et al, 2005;O'Loughlin and Gillespie, 2012;Martin, 2017;Peucker, 2019Peucker, , 2021. Some scholars highlight the political activity of Muslim women, who have become symbols of the tension between Islamic and Western values, and discover that Muslim women are empowered and engaged as democratic citizens (Read, 2015;Easat-Daas, 2017;Welborne et al, 2018). The comprehensive literature demonstrates the ways Muslims engage in their communities through electoral participation, associational involvement, protest, volunteerism, and by holding political attitudes that support participation, such as political trust, feelings of belonging, and national identity.…”