Response to ostracism in patients with chronic depression, episodic depression and borderline personality disorder a study using Cyberball

Seidl, Elias; Padberg, Frank; Bauriedl-Schmidt, Christine; Albert, A.; Daltrozzo, Tanja; Hall, Jonathan; Renneberg, Babette; Seidl, Otmar; Jobst, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.021

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…With respect to BPD, most studies used aversive stimuli to investigate the impact of dissociation on emotional processing, while dissociation may also interfere with the processing and memory of positive stimuli [66]. Previous studies observed difficulties detecting and memorizing positive social signals and events [57,62,63], and discriminating between social inclusion and exclusion [57,59], which may contribute to difficulties in establishing trust. If dissociation has detrimental effects on processing and memory for both for positive and negative emotions, this may partly explain why acute dissociative symptoms can contribute to poor therapy outcome in patients with BPD [70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interpersonal disturbances (e.g., rejection sensitivity, marked mistrust, and a strong ambitendency between an intense need for closeness and a need for autonomy) are the third core domain of BPD [57][58][59][60]. Individuals with BPD are not only more sensitive to negative social clues, such as angry faces [61] but also have problems in detecting and memorizing positive social signals and events [57,62,63].…”

Section: Clinical Presentationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Experimental, Neurobiological Studies, and Implications for Future Research and Treatment

Krause-Utz

Frost

Chatzaki

et al. 2021

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Purpose of Review The aim of this review article is to give an overview over recent experimental neurobiological research on dissociation in borderline personality disorder (BPD), in order to inform clinicians and to stimulate further research. First, we introduce basic definitions and models that conceptualize dissociation from a transdiagnostic perspective. Then, we discuss recent findings in BPD. Recent Findings Stress-related dissociation is a key symptom of BPD, closely linked to other core domains of the disorder (emotion dysregulation, identity disturbances, and interpersonal disturbances). The understanding of neurobiological correlates of dissociation across different psychiatric disorders (e.g., dissociative disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder) is steadily increasing. At the same time, studies explicitly focusing on dissociation in BPD are still scarce. Summary There is evidence for adverse effects of dissociation on affective-cognitive functioning (e.g., interference inhibition), body perception, and psychotherapeutic treatment response in BPD. On the neural level, increased activity in frontal regions (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus) and temporal areas (e.g., inferior and superior temporal gyrus) during symptom provocation tasks and during resting state was observed, although findings are still diverse and need to be replicated. Conceptual differences and methodological differences in study designs and sample characteristics (e.g., comorbidities, trauma history) hinder a straightforward interpretation and comparison of studies. Given the potentially detrimental impact of dissociation in BPD, more research on the topic is strongly needed to deepen the understanding of this complex clinical condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Presentationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Experimental, Neurobiological Studies, and Implications for Future Research and Treatment

Krause-Utz

Frost

Chatzaki

et al. 2021

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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“…Foxhall et al (29) have proposed rejection sensitivity to be linked to both CM (i.e., particularly emotional abuse and neglect) and to BPD. Similarly, rejection sensitivity appears to be elevated in PDD compared to healthy controls (27,28) and was correlated not only with BPD symptoms but also with self-reported depression. Rejection sensitivity may in fact be a mediating factor between childhood adversity and later psychopathology though this hypothesis still needs to be tested in larger cross-diagnostic studies (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…One putative link from CM to later psychopathology may be an induced trait of rejection sensitivity, i.e., oversensitivity to and expectation of social rejection (26). Rejection sensitivity has been found to be associated with PDD (27,28) and BPD (29). Thus, rejection sensitivity may theoretically mediate the path from CM to both PDD and BPD symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borderline Personality Features in Patients With Persistent Depressive Disorder and Their Effect on CBASP Outcome

et al. 2021

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Introduction: The Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) was developed for the treatment of persistent depressive disorder (PDD), where comorbid personality disorders (PD) are common. In contrast to other PD, comorbid borderline personality disorder (BPD) is often regarded as an exclusion criterion for CBASP. In clinical settings, however, subthreshold BPD symptoms are prevalent in PDD and may not be obvious at an initial assessment prior to therapy. As data on their impact on CBASP outcome are very limited, this naturalistic study investigates BPD features in PDD and their relevance for the therapeutic outcome of a multimodal CBASP inpatient program.Method: Sixty patients (37 female, mean age 38.3, SD 11.9 years) meeting DSM-5 criteria for PDD underwent a 10 weeks CBASP inpatient program. BPD features (i.e., number of fulfilled DSM-5 criteria) together with childhood maltreatment and rejection sensitivity were assessed on admission. Before and after treatment, severity of depressive symptoms was measured using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). BPD symptoms were assessed using the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index (BPDSI-IV) and the Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23). Intercorrelations of baseline characteristics and symptom change during treatment were analyzed.Results: Patients with PDD met a mean of 1.5 (SD 1.6) BPD criteria with 4 patients fulfilling ≥5 criteria. BPD symptoms and depressive symptoms showed a strong correlation, and BPD symptoms were additionally correlated with emotional abuse and rejection sensitivity. There was no association between BPD features at baseline and improvement on the MADRS, however, BPD features tended to be associated with a lower response according to the BDI-II score after 10 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, BPD symptoms (i.e., abandonment, impulsivity and affective instability) were reduced after 10 weeks of CBASP treatment.Discussion: BPD symptoms are prevalent in patients with PDD and highly intertwined with the experience of depressive symptoms. In this naturalistic study in PDD, BPD features at baseline did not limit the clinical response to CBASP. Future studies may extend the spectrum of PDD to comorbid subsyndromal or even syndromal BPD in order to develop tailored psychotherapeutic treatment for these complex affective disorders.

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“…27 In contrast, during the typical exclusion condition, the participant is passed the ball once at the beginning of the game and then never again, leaving them to observe the two other 'players' passing the ball to each other . Previous research has found that, compared to control groups, people with BPD (Gutz et al, 2016;Seidl et al, 2020), depression (Jobst et al, 2015;Seidl et al, 2020), and a history of peer-victimisation (Iffland et al, 2014b;Lambe et al, 2019) experience greater subjective reactivity to Cyberball exclusion, suggesting that the paradigm is sensitive to individual differences.…”

Section: Cyberball As An Explicit Emotional Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion in non-suicidal self-injury: A contradiction between global self-reports and real-time responses

Robinson¹

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People who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) report doing so largely to manage overwhelming emotions. Prominent theories of NSSI argue that an amplified emotional response system creates the context in which a person chooses to regulate their emotions by engaging in NSSI. In line with these theories, people who engage in NSSI consistently report greater global emotion reactivity and emotion dysregulation than do controls. These global self-reports of emotional functioning also predict the onset and cessation of NSSI, demonstrating their considerable utility in understanding the behaviour. However, global self-reports provide an overall evaluation of one’s average affective experience and so are ill-suited to isolating precise alterations in emotional responding. I first establish how best to assess NSSI (Study 1a and 1b). I then leverage experimental affective science and individual differences methodologies to test whether NSSI is characterised by a more reactive and intense emotional response to challenge, and/or whether factors that help to create, modify, and later recall the emotional response are altered in those who engage in NSSI compared with controls. Study 2 compared how young adults with a past-year history of NSSI and controls subjectively and physiologically reacted to, and recovered from, acute stress. Study 3 compared how young adults with a past-year history of NSSI and controls subjectively reacted to both explicit and more ambiguous social exclusion. Consistent with a wealth of research, across both Studies 2 and 3 people with a past-year history of NSSI reported considerably greater global emotion reactivity and emotion dysregulation than did controls. However, counter to predictions, both the NSSI and Control groups showed similar patterns of real-time emotional responding to both acute stress (Study 2) and social exclusion (Study 3), providing no evidence that NSSI is characterised by an amplified response to emotional challenge. In addition, we found no evidence that emotional recovery, emotion regulation strategy use, memory of emotional experience, or appraisal—all factors that shape the emotional response—operate differently in those who engage in NSSI. Focusing on how people make global self-reports, exploratory reanalysis of Study 2 and 3 suggests that people with no history of NSSI draw from their real-time experiences of acute (but not mild) emotional challenge when making judgements about their global emotion dysregulation. In contrast, people who engage in NSSI appear to rely on different channels of information when reporting their global emotion dysregulation. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that, despite reporting considerably poorer global emotional functioning, people who engage in NSSI show largely typical responses to real-time emotional challenges. Given that global self-reports of emotional functioning appear to be critical for understanding NSSI onset and cessation, the discrepancy between global self-reports and measures of real-time responding highlights the complexity of the relationship between emotion and NSSI. To advance our understanding of emotional responding in NSSI, research should: a) establish the conditions (if any) under which people who engage in NSSI show amplified emotional responding, and b) isolate the psychological processes that underlie the experience of poorer global emotional functioning reported by people who engage in NSSI.

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Response to ostracism in patients with chronic depression, episodic depression and borderline personality disorder a study using Cyberball

Cited by 39 publications

References 72 publications

Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Experimental, Neurobiological Studies, and Implications for Future Research and Treatment

Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Experimental, Neurobiological Studies, and Implications for Future Research and Treatment

Borderline Personality Features in Patients With Persistent Depressive Disorder and Their Effect on CBASP Outcome

Emotion in non-suicidal self-injury: A contradiction between global self-reports and real-time responses

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