Response to Letter to the Editor for Manuscript “Muscle material properties in passive and active stroke-impaired muscle”

Lee, Sabrina S.M.; Jakubowski, Kristen L.; Spear, Sam C.; Rymer, William Z.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.06.024

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Both stiffness and tension increase with increased muscle length and activation [ 34 ] and vary depending on the mechanical, material, and structural properties of the muscle [ 27 , 35 ]. The exact relationship between SWV, stiffness, and tension of muscle is not well understood and care must be taken when interpreting SWV [ 36 ]. SWV is greatly affected by ankle dorsiflexion angle, and the more the muscle is stretched, the more SWV increases [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, once the activation level increased to 75%, there was no significant difference observed. They hypothesized that any contribution of passive stiffness to total stiffness is negligible once the muscle is activated, and, as such, the increase in passive stiffness of stroke-impaired muscle is inconsequential when measured in an active muscle [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was a positive correlation between MHS scores and SWV, which was more clear with the muscle in a shortened position [ 30 ]. SWV at rest correlated with increased echogenicity and reflects changes in material properties of muscle such as the fibrous-fatty substitution of muscle fibers [ 35 , 36 ]. The fibrous-fatty substitution of muscle fibers has been reported to be a long-term change after BoNT-A treatment [ 42 , 43 ], and we believe that no significant changes could be detected by SWV at rest within 1 month after BoNT-A injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shear Wave Velocity to Evaluate the Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Post-Stroke Spasticity of the Lower Limb

Hasegawa

Niimi

Hara

et al. 2022

Toxins

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(1) Background: The evaluation of muscles with spasticity using ultrasound elastography has attracted attention recently, and the shear wave velocity (SWV) technique can measure the mechanical properties of tissues objectively and quantitatively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using SWV to assess the effect of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment in adult patients with post-stroke lower limb spasticity. (2) Methods: We assessed the modified Ashworth Scale, the modified Tardieu Scale, and SWV at rest and after stretching before and at 1 month after BoNT-A treatment in 10 adult participants with post-stroke lower limb spasticity. (3) Results: Significant changes in SWV of the ankle joint in maximum dorsiflexion to the extent possible (SWV stretched) were observed after BoNT-A treatment. SWV stretched was positively correlated with joint range of motion. Participants whose joint range of motion did not improve (i.e., gastrocnemius medialis muscle (GCM) extension distance did not change) had significantly more reductions in SWV stretched after BoNT-A treatment. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that the SWV measurements may serve as a quantitative assessment to determine the effect of the BoNT-A treatment in adult stroke patients. SWV measurements to assess GCM spasticity should consider the effects of tension, material properties and activation level of muscles. The challenge is to measure SWV with matching limb positions in patients without contractures.

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